Table 2:
Age-standardised prevalence of eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2 by sex, for ages 18–60
| Centre | Area | Rural / Urban | Sample with complete data | Sample of people without hypertension, diabetes, or heavy proteinuria | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||||
| n | eGFR<60a % (95% Cl) | n | eGFR<60a % (95% Cl) | n | eGFR<60a % (95% Cl) | n | eGFR<60a % (95% Cl) | |||
| Chileb | Molina | Rural | 39 | 0.0 (N/A) | 17 | 0.0 (N/A) | 16 | 0.0 (N/A) | 6 | 0.0 (N/A) |
| Chileb | Molina | Urban | 156 | 0.0 (N/A) | 264 | 1.6 (0.1, 3.1) | 66 | 0.0 (N/A) | 137 | 0.5 (0, 1.6) |
| Ecuador | Miguelillo | Rural | 312 | 2.2 (0.7, 3.8) | 442 | 6.4 (4.3, 8.5) | 180 | 1.2 (0, 2.8) | 235 | 6.0 (2.2, 9.7) |
| England | all | Rural | 161 | 0.4 (0, 1.0) | 223 | 2.2 (0.8, 3.7) | 98 | 0.0 (N/A) | 169 | 1.8 (0.4, 3.2) |
| England | all | Urban | 744 | 0.5 (0.1, 0.9) | 1007 | 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) | 515 | 0.1 (0, 0.4) | 759 | 0.8 (0.3, 1.4) |
| Guatemala | San Antonio Suchitepequez | Rural | 115 | 3.1 (0, 6.3) | 221 | 0.9 (0, 2.2) | 86 | 3.0 (0, 7.0) | 171 | 0.0 (N/A) |
| Guatemala | Tecpan | Rural | 109 | 0.9 (0, 2.6) | 209 | 0.0 (N/A) | 83 | 0.0 (N/A) | 152 | 0.0 (N/A) |
| India 1 (CARRS) | Chennai | Urban | 2333 | 0.9 (0.5, 1.3) | 3033 | 0.6 (0.3, 0.9) | 1161 | 0.5 (0.0, 0.9) | 1915 | 0.2 (0, 0.5) |
| India 1 (CARRS) | Delhi | Urban | 1733 | 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) | 1831 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) | 770 | 0.6 (0.1, 1.1) | 935 | 0.6 (0.0, 1.1) |
| India 2 (ICMR) | Delhi | Urban | 837 | 1.2 (0.6, 1.9) | 1051 | 2.3 (1.5, 3.1) | 399 | 0.6 (0, 1.3) | 571 | 1.8 (0.6, 3.0) |
| India 2 (ICMR) | Faridabad | Rural | 629 | 1.6 (0.8, 2.4) | 784 | 1.6 (0.9, 2.4) | 380 | 1.9 (0.8, 3.1) | 520 | 1.5 (0.5, 2.5) |
| India 3 (UDAY) | Sonipat | Rural | 768 | 0.6 (0.2, 1.1) | 1136 | 0.6 (0.2, 1.0) | 530 | 0.4 (0.0, 0.8) | 847 | 0.5 (0.1, 0.9) |
| India 3 (UDAY) | Sonipat | Urban | 1038 | 0.9 (0.4, 1.3) | 1184 | 0.6 (0.2, 0.9) | 586 | 0.6 (0.1, 1.1) | 768 | 0.3 (0, 0.6) |
| India 3 (UDAY) | Vizag | Rural | 934 | 6.7 (2.9, 10.4) | 1242 | 3.1 (2.2, 4.1) | 696 | 6.5 (1.9, 11.0) | 933 | 2.6 (1.5, 3.7) |
| India 3 (UDAY) | Vizag | Urban | 903 | 1.2 (0.6, 1.8) | 1130 | 0.7 (0.3, 1.1) | 469 | 0.4 (0, 1.1) | 692 | 0.5 (0, 1.1) |
| India 4 (Uddanam) | Kanchili | Rural | 148 | 4.8 (1.1, 8.6) | 169 | 7.2 (3.2, 11.3) | 71 | 6.9 (1.0, 12.9) | 83 | 1.1 (0, 3.2) |
| India 4 (Uddanam) | Kaviti | Rural | 102 | 12.2 (7.7, 16.7) | 110 | 8.0 (3.5, 12.4) | 52 | 6.7 (1.3, 12.2) | 65 | 8.0 (2.0, 14.1) |
| India 4 (Uddanam) | Mandasa | Rural | 95 | 18.4 (10.7, 26.1) | 105 | 10.6 (6.0, 15.1) | 57 | 13.7 (4.8, 22.6) | 54 | 5.6 (0.4, 10.7) |
| India 4 (Uddanam) | Palasa | Rural | 186 | 11.2 (5.9, 16.5) | 176 | 11.0 (6.1, 15.9) | 84 | 6.8 (0.1, 13.4) | 81 | 4.6 (0.5, 8.7) |
| India 4 (Uddanam) | Sompeta | Rural | 202 | 9.2 (4.9, 13.4) | 241 | 2.7 (0.9, 4.5) | 99 | 8.2 (2.2, 14.3) | 127 | 5.8 (1.1, 10.6) |
| India 4 (Uddanam) | V_kothuru | Rural | 250 | 5.3 (3.0, 7.5) | 281 | 4.9 (2.9, 7.0) | 101 | 2.1 (0, 4.8) | 121 | 7.5 (3.2, 11.9) |
| India 5 (Prakasam) | Kanigiri | Rural | 420 | 5.3 (3.4, 7.2) | 632 | 3.4 (2.0, 4.7) | 221 | 2.5 (0.3, 4.6) | 432 | 1.9 (0.7, 3.1) |
| Italy | Barga | Rural | 128 | 0.9 (0, 2.3) | 173 | 0.7 (0, 1.7) | 73 | 1.2 (0, 3.5) | 149 | 0.0 (N/A) |
| Kenya | Muhoroni East | Urban | 138 | 0.0 (N/A) | 122 | 0.9 (0, 2.7) | 113 | 0.0 (N/A) | 104 | 0.0 (N/A) |
| Kenya | Owaga | Rural | 113 | 0.0 (N/A) | 129 | 2.2 (0, 4.8) | 88 | 0.0 (N/A) | 98 | 2.4 (0, 5.8) |
| Kenya | Tonde | Rural | 114 | 0.0 (N/A) | 119 | 0.0 (N/A) | 94 | 0.0 (N/A) | 100 | 0.0 (N/A) |
| Malawi | Karonga | Rural | 271 | 3.0 (0.7, 5.4) | 375 | 3.0 (1.0, 5.1) | 214 | 1.4 (0, 3.5) | 309 | 2.8 (0.3, 5.3) |
| Malawi | Lilongwe | Urban | 96 | 2.2 (0, 6.2) | 216 | 4.9 (1.4, 8.4) | 74 | 3.1 (0, 8.6) | 159 | 4.0 (0.7, 7.2) |
| Nepal | all | Rural | 1690 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 2790 | 2.1 (1.6, 2.6) | 1002 | 0.5 (0.1, 1.0) | 1981 | 1.7 (1.1, 2.3) |
| Nepal | all | Urban | 1602 | 0.8 (0.4, 1.1) | 2834 | 3.0 (2.4, 3.6) | 822 | 0.3 (0.0, 0.7) | 1777 | 2.6 (1.9, 3.4) |
| Nicaragua 1 | Chinandega (banana/sugarcane) | Rural | 155 | 19.0 (12.5, 25.5) | 176 | 3.5 (0.6, 6.4) | 104 | 13.6 (6.3, 20.9) | 111 | 0.0 (N/A) |
| Nicaragua 1 | Chinandega (service) | Rural | 50 | 0.0 (N/A) | 90 | 0.0 (N/A) | 34 | 0.0 (N/A) | 58 | 0.0 (N/A) |
| Nicaragua 1 | Leon (coffee) | Rural | 40 | 6.3 (0, 14.4) | 37 | 0.0 (N/A) | 30 | 8.6 (0, 19.1) | 26 | 0.0 (N/A) |
| Nicaragua 1 | Leon (fishing) | Rural | 76 | 10.2 (3.2, 17.3) | 90 | 2.1 (0, 5.9) | 55 | 6.4 (0, 13.0) | 73 | 0.0 (N/A) |
| Nicaragua 1 | Leon (mining/subsistence farming) | Rural | 158 | 16.2 (10.4, 22.0) | 224 | 4.8 (1.7, 7.9) | 106 | 12.1 (4.5, 19.6) | 144 | 2.6 (0, 6.6) |
| Nicaragua 2 | Leon municipalities | Rural | 247 | 15.3 (10.9, 19.7) | 329 | 3.1 (1.2, 5.0) | 145 | 9.4 (4.4, 14.3) | 211 | 2.5 (0, 5.4) |
| Nicaragua 2 | Leon municipalities | Urban | 400 | 10.0 (7.2, 12.7) | 696 | 3.6 (2.3, 4.8) | 256 | 6.6 (3.0, 10.1) | 436 | 2.4 (1.0, 3.9) |
| Peru | Tumbes | Rural | 278 | 0.5 (0, 1.3) | 344 | 0.3 (0, 0.9) | 210 | 0.0 (N/A) | 285 | 0.6 (0, 1.7) |
| Peru | Tumbes | Urban | 257 | 0.5 (0, 1.2) | 359 | 0.5 (0, 1.1) | 186 | 0.0 (N/A) | 305 | 0.0 (N/A) |
| Sri Lanka | Halambagaswewa | Rural | 242 | 8.3 (5.5, 11.0) | 497 | 3.8 (2.2, 5.3) | 136 | 3.9 (1.1, 6.8) | 336 | 1.3 (0.1, 2.6) |
| Sri Lanka | Lolugaswewa | Rural | 221 | 5.8 (3.5, 8.1) | 569 | 4.5 (3.1, 5.9) | 138 | 7.7 (3.9, 11.5) | 372 | 2.6 (1.0, 4.2) |
| Sri Lanka | Pothana | Rural | 194 | 5.0 (2.6, 7.3) | 497 | 1.7 (0.7, 2.6) | 115 | 0.7 (0, 1.9) | 330 | 0.7 (0, 1.6) |
| Sri Lanka | Puhudivula | Rural | 222 | 7.7 (5.2, 10.2) | 576 | 3.6 (2.3, 5.0) | 112 | 7.6 (3.8, 11.3) | 378 | 1.4 (0.2, 2.6) |
| Sri Lanka | Sangilikandarawa | Rural | 270 | 6.1 (3.8, 8.4) | 548 | 2.9 (1.6, 4.3) | 157 | 3.1 (0.6, 5.6) | 346 | 2.4 (0.8, 3.9) |
| Thailand | Bangkok | Urban | 381 | 1.1 (0.1, 2.2) | 1223 | 0.7 (0.0, 1.3) | 233 | 1.2 (0, 2.7) | 943 | 0.5 (0, 1.1) |
| Thailand | Central | Rural | 606 | 0.9 (0.3, 1.4) | 795 | 1.1 (0.4, 1.9) | 424 | 0.2 (0, 0.4) | 576 | 1.0 (0.1, 1.8) |
| Thailand | Central | Urban | 519 | 0.6 (0.1, 1.1) | 832 | 0.4 (0.1, 0.7) | 336 | 0.0 (N/A) | 587 | 0.2 (0, 0.5) |
| Thailand | North | Rural | 668 | 1.1 (0.6, 1.7) | 730 | 1.0 (0.1, 1.8) | 407 | 0.4 (0, 0.9) | 498 | 0.5 (0, 1.3) |
| Thailand | North | Urban | 445 | 1.1 (0, 2.3) | 604 | 1.0 (0.4, 1.6) | 267 | 0.7 (0, 1.9) | 409 | 0.3 (0, 0.7) |
| Thailand | North East | Rural | 577 | 1.3 (0.5, 2.1) | 637 | 0.8 (0.3, 1.3) | 428 | 0.6 (0.1, 1.2) | 479 | 0.3 (0, 0.7) |
| Thailand | North East | Urban | 492 | 0.7 (0, 1.4) | 609 | 0.6 (0.2, 1.0) | 351 | 0.2 (0, 0.5) | 450 | 0.1 (0, 0.4) |
| Thailand | South | Rural | 549 | 0.5 (0.1, 1.0) | 678 | 0.2 (0, 0.5) | 366 | 0.2 (0, 0.6) | 493 | 0.2 (0, 0.5) |
| Thailand | South | Urban | 303 | 0.7 (0.0, 1.4) | 489 | 1.1 (0.3, 2.0) | 193 | 1.1 (0, 2.4) | 356 | 0.7 (0, 1.4) |
| USA | all | All | 1586 | 2.1 (1.4, 2.8) | 1787 | 1.3 (0.8, 1.8) | 925 | 0.6 (0.1, 1.0) | 1143 | 0.7 (0.2, 1.2) |
a
age-standardised prevalence using WHO global population age weights;
b
only 41–60 years included;
eGFR=creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate; CI=confidence interval using normal approximation; N/A=no CI available due to zero estimate