Table 1. Participants’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics according to anxiety disorder and sex.
| Variable | Men (n = 4339) | Women (n = 5535) | Total (n = 9874) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KNHANES 2021, 2022 | GAD-7<10 | GAD-7≥10 | P value | GAD-7<10 | GAD-7≥10 | P value | GAD-7<10 | GAD-7≥10 | P value |
| n | 4201 | 138 | 5204 | 331 | 9405 | 469 | |||
| Age, y, | 52.9±17.3 | 48.7±17.4 | 0.006 | 53.2±16.7 | 49.6±18.4 | <0.001 | 53.0±16.9 | 49.4±18.1 | <0.001 |
| Education | |||||||||
| <9 | 827(12.1) | 24(8.8) | 0.369 | 1557(21.9) | 100(20.2) | 0.801 | 2384(16.9) | 124(16.3) | 0.916 |
| 9–11 | 1194(27.8) | 37(25.7) | 1395(27.8) | 85(28.2) | 2589(27.8) | 122(27.4) | |||
| ≥12 | 2180(60.2) | 77(65.6) | 2252(50.3) | 146(51.6) | 4432(55.3) | 223(56.3) | |||
| Smoking status | |||||||||
| Never smoker | 1053(26.8) | 31(25.3) | 0.691 | 4635(88.3) | 254(74.4) | <0.001 | 5688(57.0) | 285(57.9) | 0.247 |
| Former smoker | 1943(43.4) | 56(41.1) | 342(6.9) | 37(12.6) | 2285(25.5) | 93(22.1) | |||
| Current smoker | 1205(29.8) | 51(33.6) | 227(4.8) | 40(13.0) | 1432(17.5) | 91(20.0) | |||
| Alcohol drinker | 2726(66.9) | 86(68.2) | 0.772 | 1963(40.8) | 150(50.2) | 0.010 | 4689 (54.1) | 236(56.2) | 0.462 |
| Physical activity | 1948(50.4) | 65(54.1) | 0.423 | 2154(44.6) | 146(47.7) | 0.357 | 4102(47.6) | 211(49.8) | 0.392 |
| BMI≥25 (kg/m2) | 1814(45.9) | 56(43.8) | 0.653 | 1582(28.2) | 122(34.0) | 0.063 | 3396(37.2) | 181(37.3) | 0.9715 |
| Sleep duration | |||||||||
| Short (<6) | 493(11.0) | 27(16.8) | 0.115 | 707(12.8) | 78(21.0) | <0.001 | 1200(11.9) | 105(19.6) | <0.001 |
| Normal (6–8) | 3386(82.4) | 100(76.6) | 4085(79.9) | 218(70.1) | 7471(81.1) | 318(72.3) | |||
| Long (9≤) | 322(6.6) | 11(6.6) | 412(7.4) | 35(8.9) | 734(7.0) | 46(8.1) | |||
| KNHANES 2021 | |||||||||
| n | 2206 | 71 | 2686 | 161 | 4892 | 232 | |||
| Chronotype | |||||||||
| Morning | 385(12.0) | 11(9.5) | 0.480 | 378(9.9) | 23(9.6) | <0.001 | 763(11.0) | 34(9.6) | 0.002 |
| intermediate | 1513(70.0) | 46(46.0) | 1983(74.2) | 101(62.3) | 3496(72.1) | 147(63.8) | |||
| Evening | 308(18.0) | 14(23.7) | 325(15.9) | 37(28.2) | 633(17.0) | 51(26.6) | |||
| Social jetlag>2 hours | 66(3.2) | 3(4.7) | 0.561 | 42(2.0) | 9(8.5) | 0.001 | 108(2.6) | 12(7.22) | 0.008 |
| Low Hint-9 | 108(3.5) | 30(34.0) | <0.001 | 283(8.5) | 92(51.0) | <0.001 | 391(5.9) | 122(45.3) | <0.001 |
Data were presented as number (percentage) or mean ± standard deviation. χ2 test and t-test were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively.
Bold numbers highlight the statistical significance.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GAD-7, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; KNHANES, Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.