TABLE 3.
Adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) With 95% CI for the Primary Outcomes: Degenerative Low Back Pain Hospitalizations, Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) Hospitalization, and Spine Surgeries
| Degenerative back pain hospitalization | LDH hospitalizations | Spine surgery | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | CI | aOR | CI | aOR | CI | |
| Physical activitya | ||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Medium | 0.99 | 0.93–1.06 | 0.96 | 0.86–1.07 | 1.00 | 0.86–1.17 |
| High | 1.04 | 1.00–1.07 | 1.02 | 0.96–1.08 | 1.02 | 0.94–1.11 |
| BMIb | ||||||
| Normal BMI | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| High BMI | 1.25 | 1.12–1.38 | 1.47 | 1.26–1.71 | 1.37 | 1.09–1.72 |
| Tobacco usea | ||||||
| No smoking | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Smoking | 1.53 | 1.43–1.62 | 1.52 | 1.38–1.67 | 1.40 | 1.21–1.61 |
| Monthly drunkennessa | ||||||
| Abstinence or occasional | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Drunk once or more a month | 1.17 | 1.10–1.26 | 1.18 | 1.06–1.31 | 1.19 | 1.01–1.39 |
| Chronic diseasea | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Yes | 1.47 | 1.35–1.61 | 1.30 | 1.12–1.49 | 1.02 | 0.81–1.27 |
| Family socioeconomic statusc | ||||||
| Both parents upper white-collar | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Either one upper white-collar | 1.14 | 1.03–1.26 | 1.09 | 0.94–1.26 | 1.05 | 0.84–1.31 |
| Either one lower white-collar | 1.09 | 1.04–1.14 | 1.06 | 0.99–1.14 | 1.03 | 0.93–1.14 |
| Either one blue-collar | 1.18 | 1.12–1.23 | 1.15 | 1.07–1.24 | 1.03 | 0.92–1.15 |
Statistically significant findings are marked in bold text.
a
Adjusted by the age at the end of the follow-up and family socioeconomic status in adolescence.
b
Adjusted by the age at the end of the follow-up, physical activity, and family socioeconomic status in adolescence.
c
Adjusted by the age at the end of the follow-up, and smoking status in adolescence.
BMI indicates body mass index.