Figure 2. LV pressure-volume loop in normal cardiac function (A) in comparison to the acute phase of myocardial infarction (B) and to CS (C).

Reference: [74]; reprinted with permission

LV: left ventricular; Ea: arterial elastance; Emax: maximal elastance; LVEDP: left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; LVSP: left ventricular systolic pressure; SV: stroke volume; CS: cardiogenic shock