Figure 2. Association of Prenatal Infection vs No Prenatal Infection With Time of Developmental Delay Assessment by Model.

Model 1: unadjusted mixed-effects model including only the month of the Ages & Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition measurement; infection status; a month-by-infection interaction term; and random intercepts for participants. Model 2: adjusted for covariates measured at baseline (chosen a priori, as shown in Table 1) including maternal age, race, ethnicity, educational level, household income, mild to severe general anxiety (based on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7³³), mild to severe depression (based on the Patient Health Questionnaire³⁴), and the duration of time between enrollment and the time at which COVID-19 vaccines became available to all adults (April 19, 2021). Model 3: adjusted for covariates measured at baseline and infant sex and preterm birth (delivered <37 weeks’ gestation). Whiskers correspond to 95% CI ranges. ARRs indicates adjusted risk ratios.