Table 1. Study Participant Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%)a | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (N = 483) | HEI-2020 | AHEI-2010 | |||||
| Q1 (n = 121)b | Q4 (n = 120)b | P value | Q1 (n = 121)b | Q4 (n = 120)b | P value | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 58.1 (10.5) | 56.1 (11.0) | 58.8 (10.7) | .02 | 58.1 (10.8) | 57.9 (9.92) | .89 |
| Site | |||||||
| Southwest | 122 (25.3) | 34 (28.1) | 26 (21.7) | .71 | 32 (26.4) | 23 (19.2) | .28 |
| Southeast | 256 (53.0) | 65 (53.7) | 64 (53.3) | 64 (52.9) | 66 (55.0) | ||
| North | 105 (21.7) | 22 (18.2) | 30 (25.0) | 25 (20.7) | 31 (25.8) | ||
| Annual household income, $ | |||||||
| <25 000 | 197 (43.1) | 52 (46.0) | 40 (36.0) | .29 | 56 (50.9) | 39 (32.5) | .06 |
| ≥25 000 | 260 (56.9) | 61 (54.0) | 71 (64.0) | 54 (49.1) | 78 (65.0) | ||
| Unknown | 26 | 8 | 9 | NA | 11 | 3 | NA |
| Education | |||||||
| High school or less | 238 (49.3) | 65 (53.7) | 44 (36.7) | .01 | 74 (61.2) | 40 (33.3) | <.001 |
| Some college | 93 (19.3) | 26 (21.5) | 32 (26.7) | 21 (17.4) | 35 (29.2) | ||
| College graduate | 152 (31.5) | 30 (24.8) | 44 (36.7) | 26 (21.5) | 45 (37.5) | ||
| Marital status | |||||||
| Single | 109 (22.6) | 28 (23.1) | 25 (20.8) | >.99 | 26 (21.5) | 24 (20.0) | .92 |
| Married | 166 (34.4) | 40 (33.1) | 45 (37.5) | 37 (30.6) | 46 (38.3) | ||
| Divorced | 138 (28.6) | 35 (28.9) | 31 (25.8) | 40 (33.1) | 34 (28.3) | ||
| Widowed | 70 (14.5) | 18 (14.9) | 19 (15.8) | 18 (14.9) | 16 (13.3) | ||
| Insurance status | |||||||
| None | 46 (10.0) | 15 (13.2) | 11 (9.7) | .99 | 12 (9.9) | 14 (11.9) | .59 |
| Any Medicaid | 94 (20.4) | 25 (21.9) | 21 (18.4) | 30 (24.8) | 17 (14.4) | ||
| Medicare only | 103 (22.3) | 22 (19.3) | 24 (21.1) | 23 (19.0) | 23 (19.5) | ||
| Private insurance and Medicare | 24 (5.2) | 5 (4.4) | 8 (7.0) | 6 (5.0) | 9 (7.6) | ||
| Private insurance only or with other insurance | 168 (36.4) | 40 (35.1) | 44 (38.6) | 33 (27.3) | 46 (40.0) | ||
| Other | 27 (5.8) | 7 (6.1) | 6 (5.3) | 7 (5.8) | 9 (7.6) | ||
| Unknown | 21 | 7 | 6 | NA | 10 | 2 | NA |
| Menopausal status | |||||||
| Premenopausal | 122 (25.3) | 35 (28.9) | 33 (27.5) | .03 | 28 (23.1) | 30 (25.0) | .31 |
| Postmenopausal | 361 (74.7) | 86 (71.1) | 87 (72.5) | 93 (76.9) | 90 (75.0) | ||
| BMIc | |||||||
| <25 | 71 (14.8) | 19 (15.7) | 18 (15.1) | .15 | 17 (14.1) | 19 (15.8) | .41 |
| 25-29.99 | 129 (26.8) | 27 (22.3) | 39 (32.8) | 28 (23.1) | 35 (29.2) | ||
| ≥30-34.99 | 135 (28.1) | 37 (30.6) | 31 (26.1) | 34 (28.1) | 28 (23.3) | ||
| ≥35 | 146 (30.4) | 38 (31.4) | 31 (26.1) | 42 (34.7) | 38 (31.7) | ||
| Unknown | 2 | 0 | 1 | NA | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Total energy intake, mean (SD), kcal/d | 1720 (1080) | 1900 (1130) | 1490 (816) | .01 | 1720 (787) | 1770 (1170) | .89 |
| Smoking status | |||||||
| Current smoker | 81 (16.8) | 25 (20.7) | 7 (5.8) | .01 | 30 (24.8) | 9 (7.5) | .03 |
| Former smoker | 132 (27.3) | 28 (23.1) | 32 (26.7) | 31 (25.6) | 35 (29.2) | ||
| Never smoker | 270 (55.9) | 68 (56.2) | 81 (67.5) | 60 (49.6) | 76 (63.3) | ||
| Meets physical activity guidelinesd | |||||||
| Yes | 120 (25.9) | 25 (22.1) | 34 (29.8) | .62 | 21 (18.9) | 32 (27.1) | .05 |
| No | 343 (74.1) | 88 (77.9) | 80 (70.2) | 90 (81.1) | 86 (72.9) | ||
| Unknown | 20 | 8 | 6 | NA | 10 | 2 | NA |
| Supplement use before diagnosis | |||||||
| No | 176 (36.4) | 56 (46.3) | 33 (27.5) | .03 | 63 (52.1) | 28 (23.3) | <.001 |
| Yes | 307 (63.6) | 65 (53.7) | 87 (72.5) | 58 (47.9) | 92 (76.7) | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, No. conditions | |||||||
| 0 | 179 (37.1) | 41 (33.9) | 53 (44.2) | .27 | 37 (30.6) | 53 (44.2) | .22 |
| 1 | 120 (24.8) | 36 (29.8) | 25 (20.8) | 37 (30.6) | 20 (16.7) | ||
| ≥2 | 184 (38.1) | 44 (36.4) | 42 (35.0) | 47 (38.8) | 47 (39.2) | ||
| Talc use | |||||||
| Ever | 306 (63.4) | 80 (66.1) | 78 (65.0) | .72 | 79 (65.3) | 71 (59.2) | .39 |
| Never | 177 (36.6) | 41 (33.9) | 42 (35.0) | 42 (34.7) | 49 (40.8) | ||
| Aspirin use | |||||||
| Yes | 78 (17.0) | 20 (17.7) | 12 (10.7) | .18 | 19 (17.3) | 16 (13.8) | .52 |
| No | 380 (83.0) | 93 (82.3) | 100 (89.3) | 91 (82.7) | 100 (86.2) | ||
| Unknown | 25 | 8 | 8 | NA | 11 | 4 | NA |
| Nonaspirin NSAID use | |||||||
| Yes | 102 (22.3) | 27 (23.9) | 19 (17.0) | .36 | 28 (25.5) | 27 (23.3) | .53 |
| No | 356 (77.7) | 86 (76.1) | 93 (83.0) | 82 (74.6) | 89 (76.7) | ||
| Unknown | 25 | 8 | 8 | NA | 11 | 4 | NA |
| Histology | |||||||
| HGSOC | 325 (67.3) | 75 (62.0) | 86 (71.7) | .44 | 82 (67.8) | 76 (63.3) | .72 |
| Other | 158 (32.7) | 46 (38.0) | 34 (28.3) | 39 (32.2) | 44 (36.7) | ||
| Stage | |||||||
| I and II | 150 (33.0) | 35 (30.2) | 41 (36.6) | .69 | 32 (27.6) | 45 (40.5) | .21 |
| III and IV | 305 (67.0) | 81 (69.8) | 71 (63.4) | 84 (72.4) | 66 (59.5) | ||
| Unknown | 28 | 5 | 8 | NA | 5 | 9 | NA |
| Debulking status/CA-125e | |||||||
| Optimal | 340 (70.4) | 80 (66.1) | 94 (78.3) | .07 | 80 (66.1) | 93 (77.5) | .16 |
| Suboptimal | 143 (29.6) | 41 (33.9) | 26 (21.7) | 41 (33.9) | 27 (22.5) | ||
| Vital status with cause of death | |||||||
| Alive | 173 (35.8) | 41 (33.9) | 45 (37.5) | .53 | 38 (31.4) | 50 (41.7) | .43 |
| Deceased | |||||||
| Ovarian cancer | 201 (41.6) | 54 (44.6) | 47 (39.2) | 55 (45.5) | 45 (37.5) | ||
| Other cause | 45 (9.3) | 10 (8.3) | 9 (7.5) | 8 (6.6) | 11 (9.2) | ||
| Unknown cause | 64 (13.3) | 16 (13.2) | 19 (15.8) | 20 (16.5) | 14 (11.7) | ||
Abbreviations: AHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CA-125, cancer antigen 125; HEI-2020, Healthy Eating Index-2020; HGSOC, high-grade serous ovarian cancer; NA, not applicable; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; Q, quartile.
Participants with unknown values for variables were excluded from analyses comparing groups for that variable.
Q1 and Q4 indicate low and high adherence to dietary guidelines, respectively. HEI-2020 score ranges were 61.03 or less for Q1, 61.04 to 67.93 for Q2, 67.94 to 74.20 for Q3, and 74.21 or more for Q4. AHEI-2010 score ranges were 45.33 or less for Q1, 45.34 to 52.47 for Q2, 52.48 to 59.68 for Q3, and 59.69 or more for Q4.
BMI was based on self-reported weight and height 1 year before diagnosis.
Physical activity in the year before diagnosis meets guidelines of 75 minutes or more of strenuous physical activity per week, 150 minutes or more of moderate physical activity, or an equivalent combination.
Missing values for debulking status were imputed in the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study.