Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Patients
| Characteristic | Edinburgh Cohort (n = 458) |
ARREST Cohort (n = 758) |
SAFO Cohort (n = 214) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 68 (52–79) | 65 (50–76) | 65 (54–75) | .08 |
| Sex, male | 292 (53.2) | NAa | 150 (70.1) | .11 |
| Acquisition | <.0001 | |||
| Community-acquired | 181 (39.5) | 485 (64.1) | 78 (36.4) | |
| Healthcare-associated | 110 (24.0) | 140 (18.5) | 52 (24.3) | |
| Nosocomial | 167 (36.5) | 132 (17.4) | 84 (39.3) | |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Dementia | 44 (9.6) | 31 (4.1) | 7 (3.3) | .0002 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 35 (7.6) | 138 (18.3) | 18 (8.4) | <.0001 |
| Liver diseaseb | 57 (12.4) | 56 (7.4) | 13 (6.1) | .004 |
| Vascular diseasec | 121 (26.4) | NA | 59 (27.6) | .77 |
| Prosthetic cardiac materiald | 46 (10.0) | NA | 16 (7.5) | .31 |
| Injection drug use | 41 (9.0) | 83 (11.1) | 0 | <.0001 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Heart rate, beats per minute | 98 (85–110) | 94 (82–107) | NA | .005 |
| Temperature, °C | 38.2 (37.6–38.8) | 37.0 (37.0–38.0) | 37.3 (36.5–38.3) | <.0001 |
| Laboratory measurements | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 114 (100–129) | 107 (93–122) | NA | <.0001 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L | 90 (65–138) | 80 (61–131) | 80 (62–123) | .05 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 156 (69–273) | 150 (87–218) | NA | .15 |
| Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia characteristics | ||||
| Methicillin-resistant S. aureus | 17 (3.7) | 47 (6.2) | 0 | <.0001 |
| Infective endocarditis | 35 (7.6) | 40 (5.3) | 15 (7.0) | .21 |
| Other metastatic focie | 99 (21.6) | 203 (26.8) | 49 (22.9) | .11 |
| Source of bacteremia | <.0001 | |||
| Unknown | 163 (35.6) | 221 (29.2) | 70 (32.7) | |
| Intravenous catheter | 93 (20.3) | 141 (18.6) | 68 (31.8) | |
| Skin or soft tissue infection | 88 (19.2) | 293 (38.7) | 39 (18.2) | |
| Other | 61 (13.3)f | 55 (7.3)g | 20 (9.3) | |
| Respiratory | 28 (6.1) | 29 (3.8) | 4 (1.9) | |
| Urine | 25 (5.5) | 19 (2.5) | 13 (6.1) | |
| All-cause 84-day mortality | 121 (26.4) | 56/388 (14.4)h | 17/110 (15.5)h | <.0001 |
Continuous values are shown as median (interquartile range). Categorical variables are shown as count (%). Variables not available in the ARREST dataset are represented as NA. Vital signs and laboratory measurements were recorded at the time of the index blood culture in the Edinburgh and SAFO cohorts. In the ARREST trial, baseline laboratory measurements were those closest to randomization (preceding 4 days or 1 day post-randomization); for vital signs, the highest value within 24 hours of randomization was taken. Abbreviation: NA, not available.
aNot available due to participant deidentification.
bPeople with Child-Pugh C liver cirrhosis were excluded from the SAFO trial.
cPeripheral vascular disease, myocardial infarction, or stroke.
dImplanted cardiac devices, including pacemakers, implantable automatic cardioverter-defibrillator, and left ventricular assist devices, but not including prosthetic heart valves.
eVertebral osteomyelitis, epidural abscess, native joint septic arthritis, prosthetic joint infection, deep tissue abscess.
fInjection drug use and bone classified as “other.”
g“Other” sources not specified.
hData shown for trial control arms.