Table III.

Hierarchical linear regression to identify factors independently associated with hip pain scores.

Factor	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	B	β	B	β	B	β
Age	0.005	0.041	0.000	0.004	-0.001	-0.010
Sex (ref: male)	1.005*	0.489*	0.688‡	0.335‡	0.163	0.079
BMI	-0.019	-0.045	-0.025	-0.059	-0.002	-0.005
Intensity of physical labour (ref: none)
Light	-0.353	-0.149	-0.125	-0.053	-0.223	-0.094
Moderate	-0.461	-0.227	-0.143	-0.070	-0.222	-0.109
Heavy	-0.412	-0.185	-0.198	-0.087	-0.364	-0.164
Smoking (ref: never)
Former	0.443	0.213	0.481	0.231	-0.057	-0.027
Current	0.135	0.066	0.142	0.070	-0.188	-0.092
Drinking (ref: never)
Former	-0.227	-0.080	-0.669	-0.235	-0.537	-0.188
Occasionally	-0.041	-0.016	-0.113	-0.043	0.023	0.009
Regularly	0.033	0.013	-0.402	-0.153	-0.511	-0.195
Comorbidities (ref: none)
One	-0.152	-0.075	-0.150	-0.074	-0.251	-0.125
Two or more	0.389	0.172	0.073	0.032	-0.207	-0.092
Aetiology of osteonecrosis (ref: alcohol)
Steroid			-0.720	-0.333	-0.453	-0.209
Traumatic			-0.535	-0.229	-0.615	-0.264
Other			-0.658	-0.244	-0.442	-0.164
Duration of osteonecrosis			0.031‡	0.394‡	0.002	0.025
Femoral head involvement (ref: unilateral)
Bilateral			0.194	0.091	0.021	0.010
ARCO stage (ref: I)
II			0.386	0.167	0.394	0.171
IIIa			1.063‡	0.457‡	0.843‡	0.362‡
IIIb			1.136‡	0.4774‡	0.844‡	0.352‡
IV			0.966	0.371	0.644	0.247
Bone marrow oedema (ref: no)
Yes			0.587‡	0.267‡	0.325†	0.148†
Joint effusion grade (ref: 1)
2			-0.149	-0.069	0.182	0.087
3			0.560†	0.278†	0.370†	0.1837†
Pain Catastrophizing Scale score					0.031‡	0.393‡
Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score					0.080†	0.298†
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score					0.052	0.165
Central Sensitization Inventory score					0.020†	0.276†
Multiple R2	0.135		0.509		0.731
Adjusted R2	0.087		0.455		0.697

^*p < 0.001, t-test.

^†p < 0.05, t-test.

^‡p < 0.01, t-test.

ARCO, Association Research Circulation Osseous classification.