TABLE 3.
Clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization and cost for children hospitalized with RSV infection and influenza.
| RSV | Influenza | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Age < 6 months | Age 6–11 months | Age 1 < 2 years | Age 2 < 5 years | Total | Age < 6 months | Age 6–11 months | Age 1 < 2 years | Age 2 < 5 years | |
| Total number of patients, n (relative % by age group) | 90,413 (100) | 35,273 (39.0) | 18,827 (20.8) | 23,898 (26.4) | 12,415 (13.7) | 11,186 (100) | 2141 (19.1) | 1188 (10.6) | 2845 (25.4) | 5012 (44.8) |
| Intravenous fluids use | ||||||||||
| No | 4155 (4.6) | 2432 (6.9) | 656 (3.5) | 548 (2.3) | 519 (4.2) | 564 (5.0) | 124 (5.8) | 58 (4.9) | 122 (4.3) | 260 (5.2) |
| Yes | 86,258 (95.4) | 32,841 (93.1) | 18,171 (96.5) | 23,350 (97.7) | 11,896 (95.8) | 10,622 (95.0) | 2017 (94.2) | 1130 (95.1) | 2723 (95.7) | 4752 (94.8) |
| Oxygen use | ||||||||||
| No | 47,357 (52.4) | 19,575 (55.5) | 9106 (48.4) | 12,105 (50.7) | 6571 (52.9) | 9530 (85.2) | 2014 (94.1) | 1016 (85.5) | 2292 (80.6) | 4208 (84.0) |
| Yes | 43,056 (47.6) | 15,698 (44.5) | 9721 (51.6) | 11,793 (49.4) | 5844 (47.1) | 1656 (14.8) | 127 (5.9) | 172 (14.5) | 553 (19.4) | 804 (16.0) |
| High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy use | ||||||||||
| No | 88,117 (97.5) | 33,791 (95.8) | 18,426 (97.9) | 23,614 (98.8) | 12,286 (99.0) | 11,162 (99.8) | 2137 (99.8) | 1185 (99.8) | 2841 (99.9) | 4999 (99.7) |
| Yes | 2296 (2.5) | 1482 (4.2) | 401 (2.1) | 284 (1.2) | 129 (1.0) | 24 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 3 (0.3) | 4 (0.1) | 13 (0.3) |
| Use of mechanical ventilation | ||||||||||
| No | 88,485 (97.9) | 34,118 (96.7) | 18,510 (98.3) | 23,593 (98.7) | 12,264 (98.8) | 11,112 (99.3) | 2133 (99.6) | 1183 (99.6) | 2826 (99.3) | 4970 (99.2) |
| Yes | 1928 (2.1) | 1155 (3.3) | 317 (1.7) | 305 (1.3) | 151 (1.2) | 74 (0.7) | 8 (0.4) | 5 (0.4) | 19 (0.7) | 42 (0.8) |
| Intensive care unit (ICU) admissions | ||||||||||
| No | 89,813 (99.3) | 34,842 (98.8) | 18,743 (99.6) | 23,846 (99.8) | 12,382 (99.7) | 11,147 (99.7) | 2138 (99.9) | 1186 (99.8) | 2831 (99.5) | 4992 (99.6) |
| Yes | 600 (0.7) | 431 (1.2) | 84 (0.5) | 52 (0.2) | 33 (0.3) | 39 (0.4) | 3 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | 14 (0.5) | 20 (0.4) |
| In‐hospital death | ||||||||||
| No | 90,382 (100) | 35,262 (100) | 18,818 (100) | 23,892 (100) | 12,410 (100) | 11,180 (100) | 2140 (100) | 1188 (100) | 2844 (100) | 5008 (99.9) |
| Yes | 31 (0.0) | 11 (0.0) | 9 (0.1) | 6 (0.0) | 5 (0.0) | 6 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 4 (0.1) |
| Antibiotics use | ||||||||||
| No | 46,995 (52.0) | 23,461 (66.5) | 8854 (47.0) | 9337 (39.1) | 5343 (43.0) | 8458 (75.6) | 1792 (83.7) | 866 (72.9) | 2067 (72.7) | 3733 (74.5) |
| Yes | 43,418 (48.0) | 11,812 (33.5) | 9973 (53.0) | 14,561 (60.9) | 7072 (57.0) | 2728 (24.4) | 349 (16.3) | 322 (27.1) | 778 (27.4) | 1279 (25.5) |
| In‐hospital complications | ||||||||||
| Pneumonia | 30,376 (33.6) | 6590 (18.7) | 6484 (34.4) | 11,353 (47.5) | 5949 (47.9) | 1428 (12.8) | 115 (5.4) | 158 (13.3) | 413 (14.5) | 742 (14.8) |
| Otitis media | 6915 (7.7) | 1047 (3.0) | 1876 (10.0) | 2911 (12.2) | 1081 (8.7) | 255 (2.3) | 17 (0.8) | 45 (3.8) | 102 (3.6) | 91 (1.8) |
| Febrile seizure | 1366 (1.5) | 67 (0.2) | 130 (0.7) | 761 (3.2) | 408 (3.3) | 3843 (34.4) | 44 (2.1) | 254 (21.4) | 1430 (50.3) | 2115 (42.2) |
| Encephalitis or encephalopathy | 49 (0.1) | 24 (0.1) | 2 (0.0) | 12 (0.1) | 11 (0.1) | 54 (0.5) | 4 (0.2) | 5 (0.4) | 24 (0.8) | 21 (0.4) |
| Myocarditis | 4 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 68 (0.6) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.4) | 15 (0.5) | 47 (0.9) |
| Length of inpatient stay, days | ||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.1 (3.3) | 6.3 (3.7) | 6.2 (2.9) | 5.9 (3.4) | 5.7 (2.5) | 4.3 (2.6) | 4.1 (1.8) | 4.5 (2.8) | 4.4 (2.5) | 4.3 (2.8) |
| Median (IQR) | 6.0 (4.0–7.0) | 6.0 (4.0–7.0) | 6.0 (4.0–7.0) | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) |
| Total costs during hospitalization (per patient) | ||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 435,743.8 (271,703.1) | 453,731.5 (314,856.1) | 434,766.4 (248,195.8) | 420,035.9 (243,875.7) | 416,362.1 (215,192.6) | 315,809.4 (209,438.7) | 292,933.0 (151,420.1) | 327,031.6 (248,576.5) | 330,289.5 (234,427.2) | 314,702.2 (204,736.6) |
| Median (IQR) | 391,648.5 (286,581.3‐524,253.1) | 402,215.5 (291,487.7‐542,645.5) | 391,262.3 (286,157.9‐524,239.2) | 3847,67.1 (283,405.0‐506,331.2) | 380,722.7 (280,912.3–504,248.2) | 2821,85.4 (207,122.7‐371,700.4) | 272,527.0 (200,339.0‐346,756.2) | 287,527.1 (217,363.1‐377,209.5) | 295,797.2 (219,178.9‐391,632.7) | 279,503.3 (202,282.5‐372,237.4) |
Note: All costs are noted in Japanese Yen, Rounding may create totals slightly over or below 100% in some cases.
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.