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. 2024 Nov 8;15:1478848. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1478848

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Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Chen, Wang, Liu, Sun, Zhang, Guan, Xiao, Zhu and Luo

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Forest plot summary of logistic regression analysis for the association between mental health status and semen parameters in individuals stratified by sleep duration. (A, B) The impact of depression on semen quality were analyzed in participants with sleep duration ≥ 7 hours (A) and < 7 hours (B). (C, D) Association between anxiety status and semen parameters in individuals with sleep duration ≥ 7 hours (C) and < 7 hours (D). PR, progressive rate; TSC, total sperm count. For each analysis, models are adjusted for age, body mass index, current smoking or alcohol-taking taking (yes, no), exercise (never, current occasional, current regular), occupational hazards exposure (yes, no), education level (high school or below, college, postgraduate), marital status (unmarried, married, remarried), time to bed (before 12 pm, after 12 pm), self-rated sleep quality (good, not good).