Table 3.
Impact of anxiety on semen quality based on GLM and regression analysis.
| GLM | Logistic regression | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Mild anxiety |
Moderate to severe anxiety | Normal | Mild anxiety | Moderate to severe anxiety | ||
| Na | 879 | 145 | 29 | Na | 879 | 145 | 29 |
| Semen volume(mL)/Mean (SD) | 2.66(1.21) | 2.72(1.07) | 2.50(1.65) | Semen volume<1.5 mL/N(%) | 86(9.78) | 11(7.59) | 6(20.69) |
| Coefficient (95%CI) | ref | 0.14 (-0.08, 0.36) |
0.07 (-0.38, 0.52) |
OR (95%CI) | ref | 0.56 (0.28, 1.12) |
1.25 (0.45, 3.47) |
| PR(%)/Mean (SD) | 42.28(17.75) | 39.76(17.68) | 39.82(22.36) | PR<32%/N(%) | 266(30.26) | 51(35.17) | 12(41.38) |
| Coefficient (95%CI) | ref | -1.66 (-4.93, 1.61) |
-1.75 (-8.47, 4.98) |
OR (95%CI) | ref | 1.19 (0.80, 1.78) |
1.73 (0.78, 3.82) |
|
Total motility
(%)/Mean(SD) |
58.67(21.36) | 56.17(22.39) | 54.85(24.78) | Total motility<40%/N(%) | 189(21.50) | 39(26.90) | 10(34.48) |
| Coefficient(95%CI) | ref | -1.25 (-5.22, 2.71) |
-2.56 (-10.71, 5.59) |
OR (95%CI) | ref | 1.35 (0.87, 2.07) |
2.28 (0.99, 5.23) |
| Concentration(×106/mL)/Mean (SD) | 84.65(66.56) | 73.98(54.89) | 54.22(52.21) | Concentration<40×106/mL/N(%) | 54(6.14) | 8(5.52) | 67(6.36) |
| Coefficient (95%CI) | ref | -8.29 (-20.14, 3.56) |
-25.60 (-49.97, -1.23)* |
OR (95%CI) | ref | 0.90 (0.40, 2.02) |
2.96 (0.99, 8.89) |
| TSC(×106/ejaculate)/Mean(SD) | 225.67(205.38) | 203.81(193.50) | 148.60(212.29) | TSC<39×106/ejaculate/N(%) | 81(9.22) | 16(11.03) | 6(20.69) |
| Coefficient(95%CI) | ref | -10.42 (-47.42, 26.58) |
-46.94 (-123.04, 29.16) |
OR (95%CI) | ref | 1.16 (0.63, 2.13) |
2.12 (0.78, 5.76) |
|
Morphology(%)
/Mean (SD) |
5.77(3.21) | 5.95(3.21) | 5.02(2.10) |
Morphology<4%
/N(%) |
307(35.21) | 47(33.10) | 10(20.69) |
| Coefficient(95%CI) | ref | 0.11 (-0.48, 0.71) |
-9.24 (-2.18, 0.33) |
OR (95%CI) | ref | 0.93 (0.62, 1.39) |
1.12 (0.49, 2.57) |
| F1/Mean (SD) | 0.03(1.47) | 0.17(1.49) | -0.26(1.77) | F1<0.026 (50th percentile)/N(%) | 428(49.08) | 77(54.23) | 15(55.56) |
| Coefficient (95%CI) | ref | -0.11 (-0.39, 0.16) |
-0.22 (-0.79, 0.36) |
OR (95%CI) | ref | 1.11 (0.76, 1.62) |
1.12 (0.50, 2.50) |
GLM, generalized regression model; PR, progressive motility; TSC, total sperm count; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation.
a. Data are missing for morphology and F1: Normal (n=7), Mild depression (n=3), Moderate to severe anxiety (n=2).
*P<0.05.