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Exosomal mechanisms in thyroid cancer development. This illustration delineates how exosomes derived from thyroid cancer cells promote various oncogenic processes. These include orchestrating angiogenesis, facilitating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and contributing to tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, exosomes play roles in immunosuppression and in the development of resistance to iodine-131 radioiodine treatment.
