TABLE 2.
Prospective exosomal biomarkers of thyroid cancer.
| Sample | Patients | Biomarker | Functions | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| miRNA | ||||
| Plasma | 48 PTC M0,21 PTC M1 | miR-519e-5p | Biomarker (Up), metastatic | Li G. et al. (2023) |
| Plasma | 48 non-RAIR, 21 RAIR | miR-1296-5p | Biomarker (Up), RAIR | Li et al. (2022) |
| Serum | 4 PTC, 4 NG | hsa-miR-129–2, 889 | Biomarker (Down) | Xin et al. (2022) |
| Serum | PTC 56 -N1,58-N0 | miR24-3p, 181a-5p, 146a-5p, 382-5p | Biomarker (Down) | Capriglione et al. (2022) |
| Plasma | PTC 34 -N1, 34-N0 | miR-6774-3p, 6879-5p | Biomarker (Up) | Chen W. et al. (2022) |
| Plasma | 17 PTC, 19 MNG | miR-146b-5p, 21a-5p | Biomarker (Up) | Delcorte et al. (2022b) |
| Serum | 119 PTC, 100 HC | miR-29a | Biomarker (Down) | Wen et al. (2021) |
| Plasma | 30 FTC, 30 FA | miR Let-7 | Biomarker (Up) | Zabegina et al. (2020) |
| Plasma | PTC 49-N1, 15-N0 | miR-146b-5p, 222-3p | Biomarker (Up), LNM | Jiang K. et al. (2020) |
| Plasma | 51 PTC, 38 MNG | miR-16-2-3p, 223-5p | Biomarker (Up) | Liang et al. (2020) |
| Plasma | 13 PTC, 7 MNG | miR-5189-3p | Biomarker (Up) | Pan et al. (2020) |
| Plasma | 136 PTC, 92 MNG | miR-485-3p, 4433a-5p | Biomarker (Up), Risk | Dai D. et al. (2020) |
| Plasma | 25 PTC, 25 HC | miR-346, 10a-5p, 34a-5p | Biomarker (Up) | Wang Z. et al. (2019) |
| Serum | 60 PTC, 60 HC | miRNA423-5p | Biomarker (Up) | Ye et al. (2019) |
| Plasma | 60 PTC, FTC, BN | miR-21-5p, 181a | Biomarker (Up) | Samsonov et al. (2016) |
| circRNA | ||||
| Serum | 19 PTC, 18 HC | circTACC2, circBIRC6 | Biomarker (Up), LNM | Peng et al. (2024) |
| Serum | 164 PTC, 68 HC, 60 BN | hsa_circ_0082002, hsa_circ_0003863 | Biomarker (Up), metastatic | Dai et al. (2023) |
| Serum | 3 PTC, 3 MNG | circ-007293, 031752, 020135 | Biomarker (Up) | Yang et al. (2019b) |
| lncRNA | ||||
| Blood | 28 TC, 28 HC | lncRNA FGD5-AS1 | Angiogenesis, Progression | Liu et al. (2022) |
| Plasma | 54 PTC, 44 HC | lncRNA DOCK9-AS2 | PTC progression | Dai W. et al. (2020) |
| Proteins | ||||
| Urinary | 21 PTC | TIMP, Angiotensin-1 | LNM | Wang C. Y. et al. (2022) |
| Urinary | 16 PTC, FTC | Thyroglobulin | LNM, Stage | Huang et al. (2020) |
| Plasma | 43 PTC, 43 HC | PD-L1 | Stage | Wang G. et al. (2020) |
| Plasma | 13 PTC, 18 MNG | Hsp27, Hsp60, and Hsp90 | Biomarker (Up) | Caruso Bavisotto et al. (2019) |
| Serum | PTC 16-N1, 17-N0 | SRC, TLN1, ITGB2, CAPNS1 | Invasion, Metastasis | Luo et al. (2018) |
RAIR, iodine-131 radioiodine refractory; LNM, lymph node metastasis; miRNA, microRNA; circRNA, circular RNA; lncRNA, Long noncoding RNA; PTC, papillary thyroid cancer; FTC, follicular thyroid cancer; FA, follicular adenomas; MNG, multinodular goiter; NG, nodular goiter; BN, Benign nodules; HC, Healthy control.