Table 2.

Estimates of effect of exposure to child loss/divorce on presence of depressive symptoms (square-root transformed EURO-D scores) at baseline (Wave 1 or 2).

Unadjusted		Exposure∗Welfare regime
Exposure	All countries	Central	Nordic	Southern	Eastern
No child loss, no divorce	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Child loss, no divorce	0.31[0.21, 0.39]∗	0.01[-0.12, 0.14]	−0.01[-0.14, 0.12]	0.22[-0.0009, 0.45]	0.18[-0.02, 0.39]
No child loss, divorce	0.03[-0.05, 0.12]	0.08[-0.01, 0.17]	−0.08[-0.17, 0.01]	−0.08[-0.18, 0.01]	−0.16[-0.24, −0.09]∗
Child loss, divorce	0.31[0.16, 0.46]∗	0.16[-0.02, 0.35]	−0.16[-0.35, 0.02]	0.14[-0.04, 0.33]	0.09[-0.09, 0.27]
Adjusted		Exposure∗Welfare regime
Exposure	All countries	Central	Nordic	Southern	Eastern
No child loss, no divorce	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Child loss, no divorce	0.22[0.13, 0.30]∗	0.007[-0.20, 0.22]	−0.007[-0.22, 0.20]	0.20[0.03, 0.37]∗	0.15[0.009, 0.29]∗
No child loss, divorce	−0.003[-0.09, 0.08]	0.05[-0.06, 0.17]	−0.05[-0.17, 0.06]	0.25[0.11, 0.39]∗	−0.14[-0.26, −0.03]∗
Child loss, divorce	0.34[0.18, 0.48]∗	0.02[-0.29, 0.33]	−0.02[-0.33, 0.29]	−0.90[-1.24, −0.57]∗	−0.12[-0.42, 0.18]

Beta estimates and confidence intervals (in brackets) are shown. Estimates are from OLS regression with robust standard error estimation (unadjusted, above; adjusted, below). These have been obtained for all countries and when using an interaction with welfare regime. In the column “All countries” there is no interaction with welfare regime. In the columns “Exposure∗Welfare regime”, “Nordic” welfare regime has been taken as a reference level and its own effect has been obtained switching the reference to “Central” welfare regime. The reference level for the Exposure has been kept fixed at level “No child loss, no divorce”. In the panel “Adjusted”, adjustment is by age, birth cohort, gender, education, marital status, smoking, drinking, chronic diseases. Observations were clustered by country for robust standard error estimation.