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. 2024 Nov 21;14:28846. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79854-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Carcinomas with an unfavourable prognosis present shorter fibre. Mammary carcinomas present more organized fibres (B and C) compared to normal mammary tissue (A). Carcinomas with a favourable prognosis and low proliferative rate present longer collagen fibres, capable of limiting neoplastic growth (B). In carcinomas with an unfavourable prognosis and high proliferative rates, collagen fibres are shorter and unable to limit this growth, allowing tumour expansion (C). This “shortening” of collagen fibres may be associated with remodelling of the tumour stroma that creates rigid pathways to help cancer cells escape necrotic and hypoxic environments. Thus, the fibres become capable of guiding tumour cells towards locations with greater vascularization (C). Created by BioRender.