Table 6.

Group differences in obesity-related outcomes among adolescents with short sleep vs adequate sleep

	Short sleep (N = 31)		Adequate sleep (N = 16)
	M	SD	M	SD	df	t	P	Cohen’s d
Total energy (kcal/day)	2151.16	669.94	2285.48	589.42	44	−0.67	.504	−0.21 (−0.82, 0.40)
% Protein (g/kcal per day)	3.67	1.09	3.23	0.92	44	1.37	.179	0.42 (−0.19, 1.03)
% Fat (g/kcal per day)	4.04	0.41	3.88	0.95	44	0.76	.448	0.24 (−0.37, 0.85)
% Carbohydrates (g/kcal per day)	12.55	1.34	13.41	1.87	44	−1.81	.078	−0.56 (−1.17, 0.06)
% Sugar (g/kcal per day)	5.28	1.16	5.93	0.02	44	−1.39	.172	−0.46 (−1.08), 0.18)
% Added sugar (g/kcal per day)	0.79	0.30	0.81	0.35	44	−0.23	.816	−0.07 (−0.68, 0.54)
Fruit (serving/day)	0.81	0.45	1.68	2.92	44	−1.62	.113	−0.50 (−1.11, 0.12)
Vegetables (serving/day)	1.00	0.66	1.27	0.77	44	−1.21	.233	−0.37 (−0.98, 0.24)
Sedentary (minutes)	547.13	62.88	557.44	24.57	40	−0.55	.587	−0.19 (−0.86, 0.49)
Light (minutes)	34.02	11.35	37.68	13.23	40	−0.90	.372	−0.31 (−0.98, 0.37)
MVPA (minutes)	58.08	20.46	58.34	12.90	40	−0.04	.968	−0.01 (−0.68, 0.66)
BMI z-score	0.55	0.82	0.22	1.11	44	1.17	.250	0.37 (−0.26, 0.98)
Number of meals (per day)	4.78	2.43	4.46	1.43	44	0.49	.626	0.15 (−0.46, 0.76)
Final mealtime (per day)	19:53	1:33	20:09	1:30	44	−0.56	.573	−0.18 (−0.78, 0.43)

*Significant (p ≤ .05). P-values were determined by a series of independent samples t-tests to examine whether variables differed for short sleep vs adequate sleep.