Table 1. Escherichia coli isolates collected from France (n = 243), Germany (n = 118), the Netherlands (n = 585), Norway (n = 280), Spain (n = 378) and the United Kingdom (n = 2,141), 2013–2020.
| Sampling and sample type | Isolates n = 3,745 | Culture media | Year | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selectivea n =1,932 | Non-selective n = 1,813 | ||||
| Longitudinal sampling | |||||
| Human samples (n = 1,058) | |||||
| UTI | 936 | 0 | 936 | 2017, 2019–2020 | ES, FR, NO, UK |
| Blood | 107 | 0 | 107 | 2017–2018 | UK |
| Faeces | 15 | 0 | 15 | ||
| Livestock (n = 1,065) | |||||
| Piga | 481 | 188 | 293 | 2018–2019 | UK |
| Cattle | 334 | 320 | 14 | 2018–2020 | NL, UK |
| Poultry | 250 | 99 | 151 | 2016–2019 | NL, NO, UK |
| National monitoring | |||||
| Livestock (n = 1,308) | |||||
| Pig | 734 | 587 | 147 | 2013–2019 | DE, ES, NL, UK |
| Cattle | 125 | 121 | 4 | 2016–2017 | DE, NL |
| Poultry | 449 | 308 | 141 | 2015–2018 | DE, ES, NL, UK |
| Retail meat (n = 314) | |||||
| Pork | 19 | 14 | 5 | 2015–2019 | DE, UK |
| Beef | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2017 | DE |
| Poultry meat | 294 | 294 | 0 | 2016–2018 | UK |
DE: Germany; ES: Spain; FR: France; NL: the Netherlands; NO: Norway; UK: United Kingdom; UTI: urinary tract infection.
a Escherichia coli selective plates included selection of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli for all studies except one UK pig study which included selection of cephalosporin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli [22].