Table 2. Epidemiological and genomic characteristics of carbapenemase genes carrying isolates of Escherichia coli ST131 and its single locus variants, EU/EEA, August 2012–May 2024 (n = 594).
| Characteristic | Group 1: bla
OXA-244
n = 230 |
Group 2: bla
OXA-48
n = 224 |
Group 3: other n = 140 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Median age (years) | 57 | 77 | 70 | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 69 | 30 | 81 | 36 | 51 | 36 |
| Female | 135 | 59 | 82 | 37 | 57 | 41 |
| Not available | 26 | 11 | 61 | 27 | 32 | 23 |
| Type of sample | ||||||
| Urine | 115 | 50 | 58 | 26 | 57 | 41 |
| Rectal/faeces | 23 | 10 | 94 | 42 | 17 | 12 |
| Blood | 6 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 6 |
| Other | 28 | 12 | 11 | 5 | 15 | 11 |
| Not available | 58 | 25 | 56 | 25 | 43 | 31 |
| Travel outside the EU/EEA in the past 12 months | ||||||
| Yes | 35 | 15 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 6 |
| No | 16 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 5 |
| Not available | 179 | 78 | 216 | 96 | 125 | 89 |
| Destinations (number of travel links to respective destination) | Türkiye (17), Egypt (8), Algeria (3), Morocco (2), Guinea (1), India (1), Jordan (1), Senegal (1), Tunisia (1) | Iran (1), Syria (1), Thailand (1), Venezuela (1), Viet Nam (1) | Ukraine (2), Albania (1), Colombia (1), Morocco (1), India (1), Somalia (1), Senegal (1) | |||
| Serotype | ||||||
| O16:H5 | 148 | 64 | 80 | 36 | 50 | 36 |
| O25:H4 | 73 | 32 | 127 | 57 | 84 | 60 |
| Other | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Unknown | 8 | 3 | 13 | 6 | 5 | 4 |
| Sequence type | ||||||
| 131 | 182 | 79 | 209 | 93 | 138 | 99 |
| 13730 | 42 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other | 6 | 3 | 15 | 7 | 2 | 1 |
| fimH allelea | ||||||
| fimH41 (Clade A marker) | 153 | 67 | 85 | 38 | 51 | 36 |
| fimH30 (Clade C marker) | 75 | 33 | 115 | 51 | 63 | 45 |
| fimH22 (Clade B marker) | 0 | 0 | 9 | 4 | 16 | 11 |
| Other | 2 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 10 | 7 |
| Absent | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Fluoroquinolone resistance mutation(s) | ||||||
| GyrA S83L; ParC S80I, E84V | 96 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| GyrA S83L, D87N; ParC S80I, E84V | 52 | 23 | 93 | 42 | 69 | 49 |
| GyrA S83L only | 26 | 11 | 42 | 19 | 29 | 21 |
| GyrA S83L, D87N; ParC S80I | 6 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 4 |
| Other | 13 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Absent | 37 | 16 | 81 | 36 | 35 | 25 |
| ESBL gene(s) | ||||||
| bla CTX-M-15 | 172 | 75 | 47 | 21 | 44 | 31 |
| bla CTX-M-27 | 7 | 3 | 20 | 9 | 28 | 20 |
| bla SHV-12 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 11 |
| Other/multiple | 3 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 12 | 9 |
| Absent | 48 | 21 | 151 | 67 | 40 | 29 |
ESBL: extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; EU/EEA: European Union/European Economic Area; SLV: single locus variant; ST: sequence type.
Genomic characteristics present in less than 10 isolates are grouped into the category ‘other’. Category unknown for serotype signifies that either O antigen or H antigen type, or both, were not assigned by BioNumerics 7.6.3.
a Alleles of fimH correlate with major clades of E. coli ST131. Of 253 isolates carrying fimH30, 251 were assigned to subclades C0 (n = 62), C1 (n = 57) and C2 (n = 132) based on the topology of the cgMLST phylogeny combined with absence (C0) or presence (C1/C2) of mutations in GyrA (S83L, D87N) and ParC (S80I, E84V) as well as detection of specific bla CTX-M genes, i.e. bla CTX-M-27 indicative of C1 or bla CTX-M-15 of C2.