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. 2024 Nov 8;11:1493504. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1493504

Table 2.

Knowledge level related to dietary supplements among study participants with different demographic characteristics.

Demographic characteristics Knowledge level χ2/t p- value
Low Middle High
Sample size 355 (20.7) 861 (50.2) 498 (29.1)
Geographic area 8.763 0.067
North 123 (17.6) 353 (50.6) 222 (31.8)
Middle 139 (22.7) 304 (49.6) 170 (27.7)
South 93 (23.1) 204 (50.6) 106 (26.3)
Birth date 2.207 0.974
1960s 21 (17.2) 66 (54.1) 35 (28.7)
1970s 46 (20.0) 117 (50.9) 67 (29.1)
1980s 75 (20.8) 184 (51.1) 101 (28.1)
1990s 97 (20.6) 238 (50.4) 137 (29.0)
2000s 116 (21.9) 256 (48.3) 158 (29.8)
Educational background 8.174 0.226
High school or below 37 (21.0) 90 (51.1) 49 (27.8)
Associate degree 115 (21.5) 289 (51.6) 156 (27.9)
Bachelor’s degree 190 (22.0) 418 (48.4) 255 (29.6)
Master’s degree and above 13 (11.3) 64 (55.7) 38 (33.0)
Occupation 1.569 0.814
Non-medical-related 236 (19.9) 603 (50.9) 346 (29.2)
Medical marketing 78 (22.4) 169 (48.6) 101 (29.0)
Medical research/teaching 41 (22.7) 89 (49.2) 51 (28.2)
Yearly income (k) 8.791 0.552
<100 k 123 (19.8) 309 (49.7) 190 (30.6)
100-200 k 74 (19.4) 196 (51.4) 111 (29.1)
>200-300 k 40 (23.5) 77 (45.3) 53 (31.2)
>300-400 k 19 (18.5) 55 (53.4) 29 (28.2)
>400-500 k 22 (22.2) 44 (44.4) 33 (33.3)
>500 k 77 (22.7) 180 (53.1) 82 (24.2)
Exercise habit 12.225 0.016
No 104 (21.4) 261 (53.6) 122 (25.1)
Occasionally 103 (19.1) 251 (26.5) 186 (34.4)
Yes 148 (21.5) 349 (50.8) 190 (27.7)
Health self-efficacy 0.257 0.880
Low 74 (20.0) 186 (50.1) 111 (29.9)
High 281 (20.9) 675 (50.3) 387 (28.8)