Table 3.
Participants' self-evaluation of learning experience and confidence level following simulated training using Blue Phantom and NeedleTrainer models
| Variable | Blue Phantom | NeedleTrainer | p-Valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Learning experience | |||
| Identifying critical structure | 4 [4, 5] | 5 [4, 5] | 0.180 |
| Optimizing needle location | 5 [4, 5] | 4 [3–5] | < 0.001 |
| Hand–eye coordination improvement | 5 [4, 5] | 4 [3–5] | < 0.001 |
| Usefulness for future workshop | 5 [5–5] | 5 [4, 5] | 0.001 |
| Practice independently | 4 [3–5] | 4 [3–5] | 0.150 |
| Recommended for training | 5 [4, 5] | 5 [4, 5] | 0.015 |
| Overall score | 28 [24–30] | 25 [21–29] | 0.003 |
| Confidence level | |||
| Identifying critical structure | 4 [4, 5] | 4 [4, 5] | 0.290 |
| Optimizing needle location | 5 [4, 5] | 4 [3–5] | < 0.001 |
| Hand–eye coordination improvement | 4 [4, 5] | 4 [3, 4] | < 0.001 |
| Overall score | 13 [12–15] | 12 [10–13] | < 0.001 |
| Preference | 26 (55.3%) | 7 (14.9%) | NA |
Values are expressed as median [interquartile range] and frequency (percentage)
aWilcoxon signed rank test