Figure 4.

Ancestral state reconstructions with stochastic mapping using the chloroplast‐based chronogram of Fishbein et al. (2018) showing a suite of associated wood traits. Branches with less than 90% bootstrap support or indicates clades with conflicting arrangement are indicated with dashed lines (after support values in Fishbein et al., 2018). The chronogram only includes woody species for which anatomical traits were collected (all herbaceous species have been removed). Pie charts at the nodes represent prior probabilities for each state at each node. (A) Presence of paratracheal parenchyma (often in addition to apotracheal axial parenchyma). (B) Presence of dominant vessel grouping type. (C) Presence of vascular (cambia) variants. (D) Presence of vessel dimorphism. (E) Presence of laticifers in rays. (F) Woody growth‐form, important flower and seed traits A–F and 1–2 following Figure 1: A = stamens free of style head, B = gynostegium, C = scoop‐like translator with pollen in tetrads, D = scoop‐like translator with four pollinia, E = clip translator with four pollinia, F = clip translator with two pollinia, 1 = dry fruit with comose seeds, 2 = increase in climbing habit.