Table.
Antibiotic use and bystander pathogen exposures to antibiotics among 1119 children from five sites enrolled in the MAL-ED birth cohort
| Any antibiotic use | Fluoroquinolone or macrolide use | |
|---|---|---|
| Antibiotic courses for bacterial diarrhoea episodes* | 546 (33·6) | 294 (18·1) |
| Antibiotic courses for parasitic or viral diarrhoea episodes* | 763 (47·0) | 400 (24·6) |
| Antibiotic courses for diarrhoea episodes of any cause | 3029 (135·3) | 944 (42·2) |
| Antibiotic courses for Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli diarrhoea episodes* | 7 (0·4) | 1 (0·1) |
| Antibiotic courses for ETEC diarrhoea episodes* | 192 (11·8) | 112 (6·9) |
| Antibiotic courses for norovirus diarrhoea episodes* | 66 (4·1) | 24 (1·5) |
| Antibiotic courses for rotavirus diarrhoea episodes* | 237 (14·6) | 135 (8·3) |
| Antibiotic courses for Shigella diarrhoea episodes* | 338 (20·8) | 196 (12·1) |
| Antibiotic courses, overall | 12 918 (577·2) | 2611 (116·7) |
| Antibiotic exposures to bystander pathogens, overall† | 18 259 (942·6) | 4319 (223·0) |
Data shown are n (rate). Rate is per 100 child-years and extrapolated to all exposures. ETEC=enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.
*
Counted among infections, episodes, and exposures in which stools were collected with valid quantitative PCR test results. Rates are extrapolated to all infections, episodes, and exposures.
†
Counted among episodes in which a stool was collected in the previous 30 days.