. 2024 Nov 6;10(21):e40203. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40203

Table 2.

Total phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidants and hydroxymethylfurfural content of honey samples.

Flower sources	^∗Adulteration	TPC (mg GAE/100 g)	TFC (mg CAE/100 g)	Antioxidant (mg AEAC/100g)	Hydroxymethylfurfural (mg/kg)
Ayurvedic	A0	53.47 ± 0.60^a	5.75 ± 0.03^a	7.30 ± 0.10^a	227.71 ± 0.05^a
	A10	53.41 ± 0.33^a	5.30 ± 0.29^b	6.77 ± 0.34^ab	167.93 ± 0.00^b
	A20	51.90 ± 0.12^b	5.23 ± 0.005^b	6.28 ± 0.11^b	116.35 ± 2.92^c
Black Cumin	A0	64.05 ± 0.89^a	7.90 ± 0.01^a	4.82 ± 0.005^a	227 ± 0.04^a
	A10	63.70 ± 0.34^a	7.62 ± 0.10^b	3.77 ± 0.17^b	223.52 ± 8.47^a
	A20	61.28 ± 0.33^b	7.45 ± 0.03^c	3.49 ± 0.20^b	221.01 ± 8.55^a
Jujube	A0	147.85 ± 0.94^a	17.00 ± 0.45^a	3.42 ± 0.01^a	123.96 ± 7.04^a
	A10	146.27 ± 0.91^a	16.67 ± 0.37^a	3.22 ± 0.07^ab	117.80 ± 3.63^a
	A20	133.50 ± 16.90^a	16.44 ± 0.05^a	3.20 ± 0.12^b	117.78 ± 9.77^a
Kholisha	A0	45.83 ± 0.14^a	9.63 ± 0.39^a	5.96 ± 0.005^a	216.85 ± 0.77^a
	A10	44.46 ± 0.56^b	9.49 ± 0.32^a	5.07 ± 0.06^b	181.92 ± 17.38^a
	A20	41.76 ± 0.11^c	9.43 ± 0.41^a	4.53 ± 0.47^b	146.69 ± 70.25^a
Litchi	A0	56.17 ± 0.12^a	6.69 ± 0.27^a	9.23 ± 0.35^a	142.62 ± 9.21^a
	A10	54.46 ± 0.14^b	6.68 ± 0.45^a	8.27 ± 0.02^b	121.78 ± 0.00^a
	A20	54.18 ± 0.87^b	6.66 ± 0.40^a	8.07 ± 0.02^b	116.52 ± 2.46^a
Mustard	A0	33.18 ± 0.26^a	4.39 ± 0.03^a	4.50 ± 0.13^a	231.86 ± 6.49^a
	A10	32.13 ± 0.25^b	4.36 ± 0.03^a	3.42 ± 0.71^a	130.29 ± 9.10^b
	A20	31.46 ± 0.35^b	4.20 ± 0.13^a	3.33 ± 0.50^a	97.87 ± 6.27^c

^∗A0, A10 and A20 represents control, 10 % and 20 % adulteration of honey respectfully. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation. Different superscript letters in the same column within each group represents significant differences (p < 0.05).