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. 2024 Nov 22;14:29013. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79909-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Prolonged elevation of chemokines MCP1, ITAC, and MIP-3β in SARS-CoV-2 and HCV patients. In SARS-CoV-2 cohort 2, MCP1, ITAC and MIP-3β levels initially decline, before increasing again. In HCV patients, SIM levels decrease compared to healthy controls but remain elevated, with significant discrepancies in concentration levels depending on the stage of HCV infection. Measurements are shown as mean with its standard error. Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s correction has been used for the healthy donors and the different cohorts at T1 and the last follow-up. Two-tailed P values < 0.05 (*), < 0.01 (**), < 0.001 (***) and < 0.0001 (****) were considered significant.