Figure. Mean Patient-Years of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Treatment per 10 000 Patients per Clinic by Year, Prerandomization and Postrandomization.

Newly initiated was defined as OUD treatment for those with no OUD treatment in the prior 365 days, and ongoing treatment was defined as OUD treatment for patients with less than a 365-day gap in OUD treatment, separately for patients in the prerandomization and postrandomization periods, unadjusted for baseline. PROUD indicates Primary Care OUD Treatment trial.

^aNo new primary care patients could be added in year 3; increases in treatment in year 3 are based on patients assigned to a primary care clinic from baseline through year 2.