Table 1.

National-level predictors included in the model. The table provides the source for each variable, the variable name, and a description. All variables are for the year 2021.

Category and source	Predictor	Description
Contraception and Childbearing United Nations Population Division	Contraceptive prevalence of modern contraception (CPMC)	Includes methods such as sterilization, IUD, implants, injectables, oral pills, condoms, and other modern methods
	Contraceptive prevalence of traditional contraception (CPTC)	Includes rhythm methods, withdrawal, and other traditional methods
	Unmet need for family planning (UNMP)	Proportion of women wanting to stop or delay childbearing but not using any contraception.
	Total fertility rate (TFR)	Average number of children a woman would have during her lifetime
Technological Spread and Prevalence International Telecommunication Union (ITU)	Percentage of individuals using the Internet (ITU internet)	Proportion of the population with internet access
	Mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 people (ITU mobile)	Number of mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 individuals
National Income World Bank	Income group	Categorized as high (HIC), upper-middle (MIC), lower-middle (LMIC), or low-income (LIC) economies according to World Bank definitions. The reference category is HIC