Fig. 4.

TFAM impacts the expression of CDKN1A/p21. A, B Gene sets enriched in TFAM-deficient cells. Enrichment score (ES) reflects the degree to which a gene set is overrepresented at the top or bottom of a ranked list of genes. Normalized enrichment score (NES) represents enrichment score normalized across analyzed gene sets. Statistical significance is calculated by nominal p-value of the ES using an empirical phenotype-based permutation test. Gene sets from the MSigDB database were tested and gene sets with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.25 and nominal p-value < 0.01 were considered significantly enriched in a prior defined set of genes. C Gene expression of CDKN1A/p21 was measured by qPCR analysis and normalized to the reference gene GAPDH. Data were shown from three experiments and values represent means ± SEM (*p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001; paired t-test (two-tailed)). D, E Western blot analysis and quantification of p21. 25 μg protein was loaded per lane and actin was used as a loading control. Values are means ± SEM (n = 3, *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01, paired t-test (two-tailed))