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. 2024 Nov 24;17(11):e70011. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.70011

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© 2024 The Author(s). Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Lipoinitiation strategies employed in the biosynthesis of puwainaphycins (A), daptomycin (B), rhizomide A (C), and calcium‐dependent antibiotics (CDAs) (D). FAAL, fatty acyl‐AMP ligase; ACP, acyl carrier protein; KS, ketosynthase; AT, acyltransferase; DH, dehydratase; MT, methyltransferase; ER, enoylreductase; KR, ketoreductase; AmT, aminotransferase; Ox, monooxygenase; C, condensation domain; A, adenylation domain; PCP, peptidyl carrier protein; Cs, starter condensation domain; KAS_II, beta‐ketoacyl‐acyl carrier protein synthase II; KAS_III, beta‐ketoacyl‐acyl carrier protein synthase III; HxcO and HcmO, FAD‐dependent oxidases.