Table 2. Characteristics of the study population by severe periodontal disease.

Variables	Without severe PD	With severe PD	p *
	(n=1525)	(n = 81)
Sex
Male	758 (49.7%)	39 (48.2%)	0.79
Female	767 (50.3%)	42 (51.8%)
Age
<40 years	426 (27.9%)	14 (17.3%)	0.131
40–49 years	455 (29.8%)	24 (29.6%)
50–59 years	385 (25.3%)	24 (29.6%)
>60 years	259 (17.0%)	19 (23.5%)
Education level
Primary	485 (31.8%)	33 (40.7%)	0.20
Secondary	712 (46.7%)	35 (43.2%)
Superior	328 (21.5%)	13 (16.1%)
Socioeconomic status
Low	511 (33.5%)	27 (33.3%)	0.99
Middle	522 (34.2%)	28 (34.6%)
High	492 (32.3%)	26 (32.1%)
Currently working
No	490 (32.1%)	27 (33.3%)	0.82
Yes	1035 (67.9%)	54 (66.7%)
Daily tobacco use
No	1142 (94.6%)	72 (88.9%)	0.03
Yes	83 (5.4%)	9 (11.1%)
Alcohol consumption
Never	653 (42.8%)	32 (39.5%)	0.59
≤1 time/month	726 (47.6%)	43 (53.1%)
>1 time/ month	146 (9.6%)	6 (7.4%)
Fruit and vegetable intake
<1 per day	727 (47.7%)	39 (48.2%)	0.93
≥1 per day	798 (52.3%)	42 (51.8%)
Consumption of processed sugars
Never	772 (50.6%)	36 (44.5%)	0.14
≤1 time/week	488 (32.0%)	24 (29.6%)
>1 time/week	265 (17.4%)	21 (25.9%)
Physical activity levels
Moderate/high	952 (62.4%)	50 (61.7%)	0.90
Low	573 (37.6%)	31 (38.3%)
Body mass index
Normal	399 (26.2%)	26 (32.1%)	0.13
Overweight	667 (43.7%)	39 (48.1%)
Obesity	459 (30.1%)	16 (19.8%)
Glycemic status
Normal	1103 (72.3%)	55 (67.9%)	0.008
Prediabetes	263 (17.3%)	9 (11.1%)
T2DM	159 (10.4%)	17 (21.0%)
Duration of disease
No T2DM	1366 (89.6%)	64 (79.0%)	0.005
T2DM <5 years	112 (7.3%)	14 (17.3%)
T2DM ≥5 years	47 (3.1%)	3 (3.7%)

PD: Periodontal disease

* Comparisons were done using Chi-squared test