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. 2024 Nov 4;14(6):2365–2375. doi: 10.3390/clinpract14060185

Table 1.

Maternal and neonatal risk factors potentially influencing exclusive breastfeeding among non-Roma mothers.

Neonatal Nutrition p-Value
Maternal_Age Exclusive Breastfeeding Breastfeeding and Formula Formula Total 0.313
18–35 43 88 22 153
35–42 7 19 9 35
>42 3 5 0 8
Total 53 112 31 196
Mother’s profession Exclusive breastfeeding Breastfeeding and formula Formula Total 0.026
Housewife 15 31 15 61
Unemployed 13 37 4 54
Private employee 2 0 0 2
Self-employed 6 2 1 9
Public employee 2 5 1 8
Welfare recipient 15 37 10 62
Total 53 112 31 196
Pregnancy outcome Exclusive breastfeeding Breastfeeding and formula Formula Total 0.042
Complicated 18 32 16 66
Uncomplicated 36 80 14 130
Total 54 112 30 196
Parity Exclusive breastfeeding Breastfeeding and formula Formula Total 0.14
Primiparous 27 68 15 110
Multiparous 26 44 16 86
Total 53 112 31 196
Economic status Exclusive breastfeeding Breastfeeding and formula Formula Total 0.663
Difficult 11 30 7 48
Moderate 20 45 15 80
Good 21 35 8 64
Very good 1 1 0 2
Excellent 0 1 1 2
Total 53 112 31 196
Type of delivery Exclusive breastfeeding Breastfeeding and formula Formula Total 0.248
Vaginal birth 25 43 9 77
Cesarean section 28 69 22 119
Total 53 112 31 196
Birth weight Exclusive breastfeeding Breastfeeding and formula Formula Total 0.511
<2500 g 6 10 5 21
≥2500 g 47 102 26 175
Total 53 112 31 196
Infant’s gender Exclusive breastfeeding Breastfeeding and formula Formula Total 0.069
Male 21 63 17 101
Female 33 49 13 95
Total 54 112 30 196
Smoking Exclusive breastfeeding Breastfeeding and formula Formula Total 0.043
Smokers 13 50 16 79
Non-smokers 33 42 10 85
Quitters 7 20 5 32
Total 53 112 31 196