Table 1.
Comparison of demographic, clinical, radiological and therapeutic characteristics between patients with good functional outcome (mRS 0–3) and patients with poor functional outcome (mRS 4–6) at day 90, including results from the univariate logistic regression models with the dependent variable “poor functional outcome” (yes/no); p-values of the Wald statistic from the logistic models are given without adjusting for multiplicity.
| Total Cohort (n = 58) | Poor Functional Outcome, mRS 4–6 (n = 34) | Good Functional Outcome, mRS 0–3 (n = 24) | Odds Ratio | 95% CI for OR | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years), mean (±SD) | 61.2 (±15.4) | 60.3 (±17.3) | 62.5 (±12.6) | 0.991 | (0.957, 1.026) | 0.594 |
| Female, n (%) | 21 (36.2%) | 15 (44.1%) | 6 (25.0%) | 2.368 | (0.753, 7.446) | 0.140 |
| Premorbid status | ||||||
| Premorbid mRS, median (range) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–4) | 0 (0–2) | 2.011 | (1.165, 3.468) | 0.012 |
| Vascular risk factors, n (%) | ||||||
| Arterial hypertension | 38 (65.5%) | 20 (58.8%) | 18 (75.0%) | 0.476 | (0.151, 1.502) | 0.206 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 18 (31.0%) | 11 (32.4%) | 7 (29.2%) | 1.161 | (0.373, 3.618) | 0.796 |
| Coronary heart disease | 15 (25.9%) | 10 (29.4%) | 5 (20.8%) | 1.583 | (0.462, 5.421) | 0.464 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 18 (31.0%) | 9 (26.5%) | 9 (37.5%) | 0.600 | (0.195, 1.846) | 0.373 |
| Acute stroke severity index | ||||||
| NIHSS on admission, median (range) | 8 (0–38) | 14 (0–38) | 5 (0–34) | 1.106 | (1.035, 1.181) | 0.003 |
| Cause of infarction according to TOAST criteria, n (%) | ||||||
| Large-artery atherosclerosis | 10 (17.2%) | 5 (14.7%) | 5 (20.8%) | 0.655 | (0.167, 2.573) | 0.545 |
| Cardioembolism | 22 (37.9%) | 13 (38.2%) | 9 (37.5%) | 1.032 | (0.351, 3.031) | 0.955 |
| Small-vessel occlusion | 0 | |||||
| Stroke of other determined etiology | 11 (19.0%) | 8 (23.5%) | 3 (12.5%) | 2.154 | (0.507, 9.147) | 0.298 |
| Stroke of undetermined etiology | 15 (25.9%) | 8 (23.5%) | 7 (29.2%) | 0.747 | (0.229, 2.442) | 0.630 |
| Imaging | ||||||
| Infarct volume (cm3), mean (±SD) | 54.0 (±14.3) | 55.5 (±13.0) | 51.9 (±15.9) | 1.019 | (0.981, 1.059) | 0.331 |
| Brainstem infarction, n (%) | 21 (36.2%) | 18 (52.9%) | 3 (12.5%) | 7.875 | (1.972, 31.444) | 0.003 |
| Basilar artery occlusion | 10 (17.2%) | 8 (23.5%) | 2 (8.3%) | 3.385 | (0.650, 17.628) | 0.148 |
| Vascular territory, n (%) | ||||||
| PICA | 39 (67.2%) | 20 (58.8%) | 19 (79.2%) | 0.376 | (0.113, 1.247) | 0.110 |
| SCA | 4 (6.9%) | 4 (11.8%) | 0 | * | * | 0.999 |
| AICA | 0 | |||||
| Multiple different territories | 15 (25.9%) | 10 (29.4%) | 5 (20.8%) | 1.583 | (0.462, 5.421) | 0.464 |
| Side of the cerebellum | ||||||
| Bilateral | 19 (32.8%) | 12 (35.3%) | 7 (29.2%) | 1.325 | (0.429, 4.087) | 0.625 |
| Left | 19 (32.8%) | 10 (29.4%) | 9 (37.5%) | 0.694 | (0.229, 2.102) | 0.519 |
| Right | 20 (34.5%) | 12 (35.3%) | 8 (33.3%) | 1.091 | (0.362, 3.285) | 0.877 |
| Therapy | ||||||
| Operation duration (minutes), mean (±SD) | 124 (±44.1) | 121 (±44.3) | 128 (±44.4) | 0.996 | (0.984, 1.008) | 0.528 |
| Time between symptom onset and surgery (days), median (range) | 2 (1–10) | 2 (1–9) | 2 (1–10) | 0.922 | (0.691, 1.231) | 0.581 |
| Time between malignant swelling and surgery (hours), median (range) | 6 (1–34) | 7 (1–34) | 5 (2–17) | 1.068 | (0.958, 1.190) | 0.234 |
| EVD, n (%) | 46 (79.3%) | 30 (88.2%) | 16 (66.7%) | 3.750 | (0.977, 14.391) | 0.054 |
| Intravenous tPA, n (%) | 9 (15.5%) | 4 (11.8%) | 5 (20.8%) | 0.507 | (0.121, 2.128) | 0.353 |
| EVT, n (%) | 9 (15.5%) | 7 (20.6%) | 2 (8.3%) | 2.852 | (0.537, 15.138) | 0.219 |
| Most common complications | ||||||
| Aspiration pneumonia | 22 (37.9%) | 15 (44.1%) | 7 (29.2%) | 1.917 | (0.632, 5.820) | 0.251 |
| Urinary tract infection | 15 (25.9%) | 10 (29.4%) | 5 (20.8%) | 1.583 | (0.462, 5.421) | 0.464 |
| Hyperactive delirium | 8 (13.8%) | 1 (2.9%) | 7 (29.2%) | 0.074 | (0.008, 0.648) | 0.019 |
* Not enough data for a meaningful estimate.