Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for patient enrollment in the study.

Inclusion criteria • Aged 18 years or more. • Diagnosed case of orbital apex syndrome secondary to sinusitis due to infection. • Radiological imaging either computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. • Undergone endoscopic sinus surgery. • Three-month follow-up period post-endoscopic sinus surgery.

Exclusion criteria • Orbital apex syndrome secondary to other etiology.