Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical characteristics of participants at baseline and follow-up (N, %).
| Variable | Total | Baseline | Follow-up | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000–2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | Overall | ||
| Total | 3177 (100.0) | 2245 (100.0) | 199 (100.0) | 216 (100.0) | 322 (100.0) | 195 (100.0) | 932 (100.0) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 1023 (32.2) | 730 (32.5) | 63 (31.7) | 72 (33.3) | 97 (30.1) | 61 (31.3) | 293 (31.4) |
| Male | 2154 (67.8) | 1515 (67.5) | 136 (68.3) | 144 (66.7) | 225 (69.9) | 134 (68.7) | 639 (68.6) |
| Ethnicity | |||||||
| Han | 1908 (60.1) | 1364 (60.8) | 137 (68.8) | 139 (64.4) | 202 (62.7) | 66 (33.8) | 544 (58.4) |
| Zhuang | 1246 (39.2) | 871 (38.8) | 61 (30.7) | 71 (32.9) | 117 (36.3) | 126 (64.6) | 375 (40.2) |
| Others | 23 (0.7) | 10 (0.4) | 1 (0.5) | 6 (2.8) | 3 (0.9) | 3 (1.5) | 13 (1.4) |
| Age at HIV-1 diagnosis (years old) | |||||||
| 18–29 | 426 (13.4) | 361 (16.1) | 16 (8.0) | 13 (6.0) | 24 (7.5) | 12 (6.2) | 65 (7.0) |
| 30–49 | 1430 (45.0) | 1118 (49.8) | 76 (38.2) | 80 (37.0) | 101 (31.4) | 55 (28.2) | 312 (33.5) |
| ≥50 | 1321 (41.6) | 766 (34.1) | 107 (53.8) | 123 (56.9) | 197 (61.2) | 128 (65.6) | 555 (59.5) |
| Education | |||||||
| Primary school and below | 1679 (52.8) | 1140 (50.8) | 109 (54.8) | 125 (57.9) | 201 (62.4) | 104 (53.3) | 539 (57.8) |
| Junior high school and above | 1498 (47.2) | 1105 (49.2) | 90 (45.2) | 91 (42.1) | 121 (37.6) | 91 (46.7) | 393 (42.2) |
| Sampling city | |||||||
| Chongzuo | 1399(44.0) | 976(43.5) | 67(33.6) | 92(42.6) | 125(38.9) | 139(71.3) | 423(45.4) |
| Qinzhou | 1778(66.0) | 1269(56.5) | 132(66.3) | 124(57.4) | 197(61.1) | 56(28.7) | 509(54.6) |
| Transmission routes | |||||||
| Heterosex | 2639 (83.1) | 1802 (80.3) | 173 (86.9) | 195 (90.3) | 285 (88.5) | 184 (94.4) | 837 (89.8) |
| Injecting drug use | 394 (12.4) | 348 (15.5) | 15 (7.5) | 13 (6.0) | 16 (5.0) | 2 (1.0) | 46 (4.9) |
| Others | 144 (4.5) | 95 (4.2) | 11 (5.5) | 8 (3.7) | 21 (6.5) | 9 (4.6) | 49 (5.3) |
| Baseline CD4, cell/µL | |||||||
| <200 | 1215 (38.2) | 844 (37.6) | 74 (37.2) | 81 (37.5) | 132 (41.0) | 84 (43.1) | 371 (39.8) |
| 200–349 | 1058 (33.3) | 768 (34.2) | 60 (30.2) | 70 (32.4) | 102 (31.7) | 58 (29.7) | 290 (31.1) |
| ≥350 | 904 (28.5) | 633 (28.2) | 65 (32.7) | 65 (30.1) | 88 (27.3) | 53 (27.2) | 271 (29.1) |
| First VL after ART, copies/mm3 | |||||||
| <50 | 2158 (67.9) | 1587 (70.7) | 168 (29.4) | 166 (29.1) | 237 (41.5) | 0 (0) | 571 (61.3) |
| 50–199 | 166 (5.23) | 114 (5.08) | 9 (17.3) | 8 (15.4) | 28 (53.8) | 7 (13.5) | 52 (5.58) |
| 200–999 | 71 (2.23) | 48 (2.14) | 2 (8.70) | 6 (26.1) | 9 (39.1) | 6 (26.1) | 23 (2.47) |
| >=1000 | 187 (5.89) | 136 (6.06) | 8 (15.7) | 15 (29.4) | 21 (41.2) | 7 (13.7) | 51 (5.47) |
| Missing | 595 (18.7) | 360 (16.0) | 12 (5.11) | 21 (8.94) | 27 (11.5) | 175 (74.5) | 235 (25.2) |
| HBV-infection at the baseline | |||||||
| Negative | 1888 (59.4) | 137 (21.9) | 137 (21.9) | 145 (23.1) | 220 (35.1) | 125 (19.9) | 627 (67.3) |
| Positive | 308 (9.69) | 22 (23.9) | 22 (23.9) | 22 (23.9) | 29 (31.5) | 19 (20.7) | 92 (9.87) |
| Not detected | 981 (30.9) | 40 (18.8) | 40 (18.8) | 49 (23.0) | 73 (34.3) | 51 (23.9) | 213 (22.9) |
| HCV-infection at the baseline | |||||||
| Negative | 1794 (56.5) | 128 (20.4) | 128 (20.4) | 143 (22.8) | 213 (34.0) | 143 (22.8) | 627 (67.3) |
| Positive | 397 (12.5) | 28 (29.2) | 28 (29.2) | 25 (26.0) | 35 (36.5) | 8 (8.33) | 96 (10.3) |
| Not detected | 986 (31.0) | 43 (20.6) | 43 (20.6) | 48 (23.0) | 74 (35.4) | 44 (21.1) | 209 (22.4) |
| Subtype | |||||||
| CRF01_AE | 1598 (50.3) | 1222 (54.4) | 79 (39.7) | 96 (44.4) | 127 (39.4) | 74 (37.9) | 376 (40.3) |
| CRF07_BC | 311 (9.8) | 158 (7.0) | 25 (12.6) | 36 (16.7) | 49 (15.2) | 43 (22.1) | 153 (16.4) |
| CRF08_BC | 1137 (35.8) | 792 (35.3) | 87 (43.7) | 71 (32.9) | 125 (38.8) | 62 (31.8) | 345 (37.0) |
| Others | 131 (4.1) | 73 (3.3) | 8 (4.0) | 13 (6.0) | 21 (6.5) | 16 (8.2) | 58 (6.2) |
| ART regimen | |||||||
| AZT-based | 1210 (38.1) | 948 (42.2) | 74 (37.2) | 60 (27.8) | 91 (28.3) | 37 (19.0) | 262 (28.1) |
| D4T-based | 4 (0.1) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| LPV/r-based | 135 (4.2) | 86 (3.8) | 6 (3.0) | 10 (4.6) | 21 (6.5) | 12 (6.2) | 49 (5.3) |
| TDF-based | 1572 (49.5) | 959 (42.7) | 118 (59.3) | 146 (67.6) | 208 (64.6) | 141 (72.3) | 613 (65.8) |
| Others | 256 (8.1) | 248 (11.0) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | 5 (2.6) | 8 (0.9) |
| TMP-SMX usea at baseline | - | ||||||
| No | 2018 (63.5) | 1497 (66.7) | 108 (54.3) | 121 (56.0) | 179 (55.6) | 113 (57.9) | 521 (55.9) |
| Yes | 1159 (36.5) | 748 (33.3) | 91 (45.7) | 95 (44.0) | 143 (44.4) | 82 (42.1) | 411 (44.1) |
| ART medication omissions per month | |||||||
| No | 2715 (85.5) | 1882 (83.8) | 180 (21.6) | 183 (22.0) | 279 (33.5) | 191 (22.9) | 833 (89.4) |
| 1–9 times | 194 (6.11) | 163 (7.26) | 8 (25.8) | 11 (35.5) | 12 (38.7) | 0 (0) | 31 (3.33) |
| 10–20 times | 72 (2.27) | 56 (2.49) | 2 (12.5) | 5 (31.3) | 7 (43.8) | 2 (12.5) | 16 (1.72) |
| >20 times | 196 (6.17) | 144 (6.41) | 9 (17.3) | 17 (32.7) | 24 (46.2) | 2 (3.85) | 52 (5.58) |
| Condom use at the first visit | |||||||
| Condom used or no sex | 2392(75.3) | 1586(70.6) | 161(80.9) | 177(81.9) | 290(90.1) | 178(91.3) | 157(37.8) |
| No condom used | 785 (24.7) | 659 (29.4) | 38 (19.1) | 39 (18.1) | 32 (9.9) | 17 (8.7) | 580 (62.2) |
| HIV serostatus of the sex partner at the baseline | - | ||||||
| Sero-concordant | 478 (15.0) | 342 (15.2) | 18 (9.0) | 32 (14.8) | 42 (13.0) | 44 (22.6) | 136 (14.6) |
| Sero-discordant | 1078 (33.9) | 820 (36.5) | 59 (29.6) | 64 (29.6) | 84 (26.1) | 51 (26.2) | 258(27.7) |
| No sexual partner | 1621 (51.0) | 1083 (48.2) | 122 (61.3) | 120 (55.6) | 196 (60.9) | 100 (51.3) | 538 (57.7) |
| Self-reported STIs at the baseline | |||||||
| No | 2611 (82.2) | 1827 (81.4) | 165 (21.0) | 176 (22.4) | 259 (33.0) | 184 (23.5) | 784 (84.1) |
| Yes | 279 (8.78) | 197 (8.78) | 16 (19.5) | 20 (24.4) | 37 (45.1) | 9 (11.0) | 82 (8.80) |
| Unknown | 287 (9.03) | 221 (9.84) | 18 (27.3) | 20 (30.3) | 26 (39.4) | 2 (3.03) | 66 (7.08) |
a
TMP-SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; STIs, Sex Transmission infections.