(a) Control, (b) 10 µM DN and OA, (c) 20 µM DN and OA, and (d) 30 µM DN and OA. According to the results of the cell cycle trials, co-treating A549 cells with DN and OA at varying doses caused the cells to terminate in the G2/M phase, indicating that the use of DN + OA together inhibited cell growth by arresting the cell cycle. (e) Statistical evaluation of assays for cell apoptosis. The data are shown as mean value ± SE. Mean significant difference (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01) compared with the control.