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In A549 cells, the simultaneous administration of DN and OA caused apoptosis. (a, c) A549 cells were treated with varying concentrations of DN and OA (10, 20, and 30 µM) for 24 and 48 h, respectively. After that, the cells were then stained with PI and Annexin V-FITC and examined using a flow cytometer. (b, d) Statistical evaluation of tests for cell apoptosis. The mean value ± SD is shown, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001.
