Table 2: Factors and Conditions Associated with Increased Risk for Acute Coronary Events.
Coronary Plaque Characteristics | Coronary Blood Flow Dynamics | Intrinsic Hemostasis Factors | Metabolic and Inflammatory Conditions | Neurohormonal Imbalance | Environmental Factors and Drugs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plaque burden | Blood viscosity | Platelet function/volume | Diabetes | Stress | Smoking |
Lumen encroachment | Shear stress | Circadian variation | Obesity | Catecholamine surges | Pollution |
Lesion location | Reduced blood flow/low cardiac output | Factor V Leiden deficiency | Dyslipidemia | Depression | Climate |
Plaque composition | Vascular tone and reactivity | Von Willebrand factor deficiency | Connective tissue diseases | Exertion | Legal drugs |
Plaque biology | Arterial hypertension | Anti-phospholipid syndrome | Infections | Autonomic dysfunction | Illegal drugs |
Plaque configuration and remodeling | Renal disease | Endocrine imbalance | Diet | ||
Endothelial dysfunction | Sedentary lifestyle |
Source: Arbab-Zadeh et al.[94] Reproduced with permission from Wolters Kluwer Health.