Table 5. Adverse outcomes of newborns grouped based on amniotic fluid and/or cord blood biomarkers.
| Variable | PPROM (+) AF infection n=61 |
PPROM (−) AF infection n=62 |
PPROM No Amnio n=62 |
P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposed n=46 |
Non-exposed n=15 |
Exposed n=19 |
Non-exposed n=43 |
Exposed n=23 |
Non-exposed n=39 |
||
| GA at birth, weeks ‡ | 26 [25–30] |
29 [26–32] |
32 [29–33] |
32 [30–34] |
30 [25–33] |
33 [30–34] |
0.020 |
| Latency, days ‡ | 1 [0–5] | 1 [0–5] | 7 [2–18] | 3 [1–8] | 6 [1–8] | 2 [1–12] | <0.001 |
| Number of newborns diagnosed with adverse outcome | |||||||
| Confirmed EONS § | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.336 |
| NEC § | 7 (15) | 0 (0) | 3 (16) | 3 (7) | 7 (30) | 3 (8) | 0.043 |
| ROP § | 15 (33) | 2 (13) | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | 3 (13) | 5 (13) | 0.002 |
| IVH § | 11 (24) | 1 (6) | 3 (16) | 1 (2) | 4 (17) | 3 (8) | 0.041 |
| BPD § | 8 (18) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 1 (2) | 5 (22) | 4 (10) | 0.052 |
| Death § | 7 (15) | 0 (0) | 4 (21) | 0 (0) | 8 (35) | 1 (3) | <0.001 |
| At least one severe adverse outcome §* | 23 (50) | 1 (6) | 5 (26) | 3 (7) | 15 (65) | 9 (23) | <0.001 |
‡
Data presented as median [interquartile range] and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA
§
Data presented as n (%) and analyzed by Chi square tests.
*
Includes newborns with at least one of the following outcomes: IVH grade 3–4, ROP grade 2–4, NEC grade 2–4, BPD and/or death.
Abbreviations: PPROM, preterm premature rupture of membranes; GA, gestational age; EONS, early-onset neonatal sepsis; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; ROP, rethinopathy of prematurity; IVH, intra-ventricular hemorrhage; BPD: bronhopulmonary dysplasia; Hp&HpRP: haptoglobin and haptoglobin-related protein.