FIG. 8.

Effect of various cytokines on HIV-induced C3 production. U373 astrocytes were either mock treated or incubated with IL-10 (10 ng/ml), TGF-β (10 ng/ml), TNF-α (10 ng/ml), IFN-γ (250 U/ml), and/or HIV IIIB (5 ng of p24/ml). C3 levels in the supernatants were quantified by ELISA. The results are the mean ± the standard deviation of triplicate determinations; the statistical significance of C3 production in cells induced by HIV and cytokines versus cells treated with HIV only was evaluated by Student's t test. ∗∗, P < 0.01; ∗∗∗, P < 0.005. OD, optical density.