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. 2024 Nov 25;14:29253. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80886-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Overall design of biodegradable layer-by-layer P-C-Col IV Ac2-26 NPs for anastomotic healing. The pectin coating of the NPs protects from the harsh pH environment of the stomach, small intestine and enzymes secreted for digestion. Once in the colon, pectin and the subsequent chitosan layers are fermented and degraded almost completely by the microflora in the gut and this leads to the local release of the Col-IV Ac2-26 NPs, which binds to wounds and releases the Ac2-26 peptide in situ.