Table 1.

Typical symptoms for IgE and non‐IgE‐mediated CMA. ⁴ , ¹¹ , ¹²

IgE‐mediated CMA	Non‐IgE‐mediated CMA
Presents – within minutes up to 1 h after exposure to milk formula or dairy products Cutaneous – urticaria, angioedema, eczema Digestive – vomiting, diarrhoea Respiratory – rhinitis, cough, wheezing, stridor, dyspnoea Cardiovascular or neurological – pallor, dizziness, floppiness, hypotension, loss of consciousness	Presents – >2 h and up to 3 days after exposure, but for FPIES symptoms can present 1–4 h after allergen exposure Cutaneous – eczema Digestive – profuse/chronic vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain/discomfort, constipation General – faltering growth, feeding difficulties and with eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) food impaction

Abbreviations: CMA, cow's milk allergy; IgE, immunoglobulin E.