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. 2024 Nov 25;14:29144. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80369-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Relative expression of different mature neuronal markers in 2D, 3D 2.5% hiFBS and, 3D 5% hiFBS after 12-day maturation process with and without RA. (A) Relative expression of 3 culture platforms and conditions with presence of RA in maturation media. Significant differences between different cultured conditions were evaluated. (ns = not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, unpaired Student’s t-test, n = 3) (B) The effect of RA on level of neuronal markers in 2D culture. (C) The effect of RA on expression level of neuronal markers in 3D 2.5% hiFBS. (D) The effect of RA on expression level of neuronal markers in 3D 5% hiFBS. (E) Serum concentration and RA effect on SNCA expression level. The vertical axis shows the relative gene expression levels as the means ± SE (n = 03). Bars represent the means of three replicates ± SD.