Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the included patients.
| Parameters | Group A n = 185 |
Group B n = 84 |
Group C n = 115 |
Group D n = 95 |
Group E n = 137 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) |
128 (69.2%) |
55 (65.5%) |
88 (76.5%) |
73 (76.8%) |
103 (75.2%) |
| Age (years) | 52.4 ± 11.5 | 54.9 ± 11.2 | 54.0 ± 11.4 | 53.8 ± 12.1 | 53.2 ± 12.5 |
| Etiology | |||||
| HBV | 106 (41.1%) | 48 (46.2%) | 63 (44.7%) | 52 (46.0%) | 82 (48.5%) |
| HCV | 7 (2.7%) | 4 (3.8%) | 10 (7.1%) | 9 (8.0%) | 12 (7.1%) |
| ALC | 32 (12.4%) | 10 (9.6%) | 19 (13.5%) | 12 (10.6%) | 22 (13.0%) |
| ALD | 28 (10.9%) | 16 (15.4%) | 16 (11.3%) | 14 (12.4%) | 14 (8.3%) |
| Other | 12 (4.6%) | 6 (5.8%) | 7 (5.0%) | 8 (7.1%) | 7 (4.1%) |
| Indication | |||||
| Variceal bleeding | 138 (74.6%) | 63 (75.0%) | 88 (76.5%) | 72 (75.8%) | 98 (71.5%) |
| Ascites | 25 (13.5%) | 8 (9.5%) | 14 (12.2%) | 16 (16.8%) | 13 (9.5%) |
| Both | 22 (11.9%) | 13 (15.5%) | 13 (11.3%) | 7 (7.4%) | 26 (19.0%) |
| Laboratory values | |||||
| ALT (U/L) | 20.0 (13.5–28.0) | 18.5 (14.0–27.0) | 18.0 (12.0–26.0) | 21.0 (15.0–30.0) | 21.0 (15.0-27.5) |
| AST (U/L) | 26.0 (20.0-36.5) | 28.0 (20.3–41.8) | 26.0 (20.0–37.0) | 30.0 (22.0–47.0) | 31.0 (23.5–43.5) |
| ALP (U/L) | 89.0 (68.0-124.5) | 89.0 (64.3-140.3) | 77.0 (58.0-106.0) | 82.0 (58.0-119.0) | 90.0 (69.5–123.0) |
| GGT (U/L) | 34.0 (20.0–59.0) | 38.0 (18.0-77.3) | 29.0 (15.0–66.0) | 36.0 (17.0–83.0) | 40.0 (21.0-93.5) |
| ALB (g/L) | 37.0 ± 4.8 | 36.3 ± 4.8 | 35.2 ± 5.7 | 34.0 ± 5.8 | 34.6 ± 4.0 |
| Cr (µmol/L) | 62.0 (53.0-70.5) | 64.5 (51.3–74.8) | 63.0 (52.0–76.0) | 63.0 (52.0–74.0) | 64.0 (53.0–76.0) |
| TB (µmol/L) | 21.2 (14.3–30.6) | 21.3 (15.6–29.4) | 21.7 (16.1–30.4) | 27.3 (17.4–39.4) | 25.5 (18.6–38.2) |
| INR | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) |
| APTT (s) | 32.9 (30.2–35.3) | 32.7 (30.9–34.9) | 32.8 (30.5–35.9) | 33.4 (31.4–37.0) | 33.5 (31.3–36.5) |
| PT (s) | 13.6 (12.4–15.4) | 13.7 (12.6–14.6) | 14.6 (13.4–16.3) | 14.6 (13.2–16.2) | 14.4 (13.5–16.4) |
| Hb (g/L) | 96.4 ± 26.2 | 93.7 ± 23.6 | 85.5 ± 24.6 | 94.1 ± 24.4 | 90.0 ± 23.0 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 2.9 (1.9–4.1) | 2.8 (1.8–4.3) | 2.5 (1.6–4.2) | 2.9 (1.8–4.5) | 2.6 (1.7–3.8) |
| PLT (×109/L)) | 84.0 (49.0-131.0) | 76.0 (57.5–113.0) | 72.0 (50.0–98.0) | 75.0 (47.0-113.0) | 72.0 (48.5-102.5) |
| Child‒Pugh score | 6.0 (5.0–7.0) | 7.0 (5.3-7.0) | 7.0 (6.0–8.0) | 7.0 (6.0–8.0) | 7.0 (6.0–8.0) |
| Hemodynamics (mmHg) | |||||
| WHVP | 18.0 ± 6.0 | 24.5 ± 4.4 | 28.1 ± 4.2 | 32.9 ± 4.6 | 39.2 ± 6.7 |
| PVP | 33.5 ± 7.6 | 33.9 ± 7.0 | 33.3 ± 6.5 | 33.4 ± 6.5 | 35.6 ± 6.3 |
| FHVP | 11.1 ± 4.8 | 10.8 ± 4.3 | 10.3 ± 4.0 | 11.3 ± 4.3 | 11.0 ± 4.1 |
| IVCP | 8.6 ± 3.6 | 8.0 ± 3.8 | 7.9 ± 3.6 | 8.2 ± 3.2 | 8.6 ± 3.7 |
| HVPG | 6.8 ± 3.4 | 13.7 ± 1.2 | 17.8 ± 1.1 | 21.6 ± 1.2 | 28.2 ± 4.7 |
| PPG | 25.1 ± 6.6 | 26.2 ± 7.4 | 25.4 ± 6.3 | 25.4 ± 6.0 | 27.1 ± 6.2 |
HBV: hepatitis B virus–related cirrhosis; HCV: hepatitis C virus–related cirrhosis; ALC: alcoholic liver cirrhosis; ALD: autoimmune liver disease; Other: liver cirrhosis of unknown cause; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALB: albumin; TB: total bilirubin; INR: international normalized ratio; APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; PT: prothrombin time; Hb: hemoglobin; WBC: white blood cell; PLT: platelet; WHVP: wedged hepatic venous pressure; PVP: portal venous pressure; FHVP: free hepatic venous pressure; IVCP: inferior vena cava pressure; HVPG: hepatic venous pressure gradient; PPG: portal venous pressure gradient.