Fig. 5.

TPPU rescues LPS-impaired osteogenic differentiation and inhibits osteoclastogenesis. a RT‒qPCR showing the expression levels of ALP, RUNX2 and EMCN in cocultured HUVECs and PDLSCs after 7 days of osteogenic induction. b Representative image and quantification of ALP. Scale bar = 200 µm. c RT‒qPCR analysis showing the expression levels of Trap, Mmp9, Ck, and c-fos in RAW 264.7 cells subjected to different treatments. d Representative image and quantification analysis of TRAP staining in RAW264.7 cells induced with RANKL. Scale bar = 100 µm, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001