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. 2024 Nov 25;46:25. doi: 10.1186/s41021-024-00319-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels in BEAS-2B cells exposed to β-damascone (β-Dam) or menadione sodium bisulfite. The fold changes for ROS (a) and GSH (b) levels after 4 h of exposure to β-Dam or menadione sodium bisulfite were calculated from the solvent control value without NAC co-treatment. The solid and dotted lines represent the values obtained with or without NAC co-treatment, respectively. The closed and open symbols or bars represent the values obtained at concentrations causing more than and less than 50% relative cell number, respectively. Each result represents the mean and standard error of the mean for three independent experiments. #Significantly different from the solvent control group (P < 0.05, Dunnett's test). *Significantly different from the solvent control group (P < 0.05, Welch's t-test)