Table 2. Effect of dietary RPC supplementation on milk production of transition dairy cow.

Level of supplement	Duration of supplement	Milk yield, % change	Milk composition	Reference
60 gm/day RPC (17.3 gm/day of Cho chloride)	17 days pre- to 21 days postpartum	Tended + 5.33%	ns	Zenobi et al. [11]
10 gm/day RPC	20 days pre- to 20 days postpartum	+ 7.87%	+ % fat - SCC	Mecionyte et al. [12]
54 gm/day RPC	40 days pre- to 120 days postpartum	+ 21.3%	+ %fat & protein	Amrutkar et al. [13]
<33.8 gm/day of Cho chloride	20 days pre- to 53 days postpartum	+ 3.46%	+ fat & protein yield	Humer et al. [23]
60 gm/day RPC with/without 18 gm/day RPM	4 weeks pre- to 20 weeks postpartum	+ 11.5%	ns	Ardalan et al. [16]
60 gm/day RPC (12.9 gm/day of choline ion)	21 days pre- to 21 days postpartum	+ 8.84% FCM	+ fat yield	Bollatti et al. [24]
15 gm/day RPC	21 days pre- to 21 days postpartum	+ 3.17% FCM	+ % fat	Sun et al. [25]
50 gm RPC plus 1,000 IU vitamin E	14 days pre- to 30 days postpartum	Tendency + 7.77%	ns	Pinotti et al. [26]
12.9 gm/day of choline ion	Transition period	+ 4.82	+ fat & protein yield	Arshad et al. [27]
60 gm/day RPC (13.0 gm/day of choline ion)	3 weeks pre- to 5 weeks postpartum	+ 14.6% in primiparous cows	ns	Potts et al. [28]
6-12 gm/day RPC with low RUP	28 days pre- to 56 days postpartum	+ 6.74%	- % protein	Hartwell et al. [29]
60 gm/day RPC (25% choline Cl)	21 days pre- to 21 days postpartum	ns	ns	Guretzky et al. [30]
55 gm/day RPC	30 days pre- to 60 days postpartum	+ 13.8%	+ % fat & protein	Acharya et al. [31]
50 and 100 gm/day RPC (18.8% choline Cl)	21 days pre- to 45 days postpartum	ns	+ % protein & total solids	Leiva et al. [32]
100 and 200 gm/day RPC	21 days pre- to 60 days postpartum	+ 11.8%	+ % protein	Elek et al. [33]
56 gm/day RPC	3 weeks pre- to 28 days postpartum	+ 3.90-16.3%	ns	Zahra et al. [34]
45, 60, 75 gm/day RPC	21 days pre- to 63 days postpartum	ns	ns	Piepenbrink and Overton [35]
20 gm/day RPC	14 days pre- to 30 days postpartum	+ 10.2%	ns	Pinotti et al. [36]

ns, non-significant differ.