Table 2.
The Baseline Data for the High RHR Group and Low RHR Group Before PSM
| Variable | RHR<0.473 (n=361) | RHR≥0.473(n=263) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||
| Age | 71.7 (65.5, 78.6) | 73.8 (65.9, 82.1) | 0.139 |
| Male | 304 (48.7) | 191 (52.9) | 0.014 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 237 (65.7) | 185 (70.4) | 0.416 |
| Black | 42 (11.6) | 29 (11.0) | |
| Others | 82 (22.7) | 49 (18.6) | |
| Vital signs | |||
| HR (beats/min) | 107.0 (93.0, 123.0) | 106.0 (90.0, 121.0) | 0.343 |
| RR (beats/min) | 30.0 (27.0, 35.0) | 30.0 (26.0, 33.0) | 0.300 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 148.0 (134.0, 164.0) | 145.0 (130.5, 161.5) | 0.187 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 95.0 (81.0, 107.0) | 89.0 (78.0, 104.6) | 0.011 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 105.0 (95.0, 120.0) | 102.0 (91.0, 117.8) | 0.012 |
| SpO2 (%) | 99.0 (98.0, 100.0) | 100.0 (99.0, 100.0) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory | |||
| WBC (K/uL) | 12.1 (8.7, 16.4) | 11.2 (7.9, 15.8) | 0.93 |
| PLT (K/uL) | 208.0 (166.0, 262.0) | 198.0 (131.5, 273.0) | 0.101 |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.6 (4.2, 5.0) | 4.5 (4.1, 5.1) | 0.359 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 140.0 (137.0, 143.0) | 140.0 (137.0, 143.0) | 0.584 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 159.0 (130.0, 209.0) | 157.0 (125.5, 197.5) | 0.262 |
| Cr (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.2) | <0.001 |
| PH | 7.39 (7.35, 7.43) | 7.40 (7.35, 7.45) | 0.062 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 56.0 (46.0, 71.0) | 54.0 (45.5, 66.0) | 0.036 |
| Anion gap (mEq/L) | 15.0 (13.0, 18.0) | 16.0 (13.0, 18.0) | 0.254 |
| Bicarbonate (mEq/L) | 27.0 (23.0, 31.0) | 27.0 (23.0, 30.0) | 0.740 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 132 (36.6) | 60 (22.81) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 42 (11.6) | 20 (7.60) | 0.097 |
| Asthma | 14 (3.9) | 16 (6.08) | 0.203 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 14 (3.9) | 10 (3.80) | 0.961 |
| Anemia | 59 (16.3) | 40 (15.21) | 0.702 |
| Hematological malignancies | 2 (0.6) | 16 (6.1) | <0.001 |
| Connective tissue diseases | 13 (3.6) | 10 (3.8) | 0.895 |
| Peripheral vascular diseases | 17 (4.7) | 28 (10.7) | 0.005 |
| Myocardial infarction | 41 (11.4) | 34 (12.9) | 0.551 |
| Liver disease | 8 (2.2) | 10 (3.8) | 0.242 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 26 (7.2) | 34 (12.9) | 0.017 |
| Malignant tumors | 25 (6.9) | 21 (8.0) | 0.617 |
| Sepsis | 75 (20.8) | 64 (24.3) | 0.291 |
| Prescriptions* | |||
| Corticosteroid | 4 (1.1) | 6 (2.3) | 0.249 |
| Bronchodilators | 246 (68.1) | 164 (62.4) | 0.133 |
| Vasopressors | 12 (3.3) | 8 (3.0) | 0.843 |
| Intravenous fluids | 244 (67.6) | 194 (73.8) | 0.096 |
| Blood transfusions | 5 (1.4) | 43 (16.4) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | |||
| Invasive | 130 (36.0) | 86 (32.7) | 0.391 |
| Non-invasive | 92 (25.5) | 55 (20.9) | 0.184 |
| Score | |||
| SOFA | 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) | <0.001 |
| SAPSII | 36.0 (28.0, 43.0) | 39.0 (31.0, 47.5) | 0.001 |
| ICU stay (day) | 2.9 (1.7, 6.0) | 3.2 (1.8, 6.1) | 0.321 |
| 28-day mortality (%) | 51 (14.1) | 74 (28.1) | <0.001 |
Notes: *All prescriptions were issued within 24 hours of ICU admission for patients. A p-value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant.
Abbreviations: HR, Heart Rate; RR, Respiratory Rate; SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure; MAP, Mean Arterial Pressure; WBC, White Blood Cell; PLT, Platelet; Cr, Creatinine; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SAPSII, Simplified Acute Physiology ScoreII.