Table 1.
Comparisons of Clinical Characteristics Between VCI and Control Groups
| VCI Group (n=27) | Control Group (n=27) | χ2/t/Z | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69.93±8.467 | 66.59±7.996 | 1.487 | 0.143 |
| Sex, male | 18 (66.7%) | 23 (85.2%) | 2.533 | 0.111 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 24 (88.9%) | 20 (74.1%) | 1.964 | 0.161 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 14 (51.9%) | 7 (25.9%) | 3.818 | 0.051 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.2 (22.49, 25.34) | 24.2 (22.03, 25.95) | −0.087 | 0.931 |
| Smoking | 13 (48.1%) | 15 (55.6%) | 0.297 | 0.586 |
| History of CVD | 18 (66.7%) | 18 (66.7%) | 0.000 | 1.000 |
| Fazekas scale | 5 (4, 5) | 3 (2, 6) | −1.917 | 0.055 |
| Drinking | 12 (44.4%) | 13 (48.1%) | 0.074 | 0.785 |
| Education, years | 8 (5, 11) | 9 (7, 12) | −1.934 | 0.053 |
| MMSE | 19 (13, 20) | 26 (25, 28) | −5.728 | 0.000 |
| MoCA | 14 (8, 16) | 25 (25, 26) | −6.326 | 0.000 |
| Verbal Memory | ||||
| HVLT | 21 (18, 23) | 25 (23, 28) | −4.244 | 0.000 |
| Visual-spatial ability | ||||
| CDT | 2 (1, 3) | 4 (3, 4) | −4.409 | 0.000 |
| Executive function | ||||
| TMT-B | 180 (100, 268) | 150 (80, 225) | −1.213 | 0.225 |
| Attention | ||||
| TMT-A | 115 (74, 150) | 70 (60, 110) | −3.105 | 0.002 |
| Language tests | ||||
| BNT-2 | 21 (14, 24) | 23 (20, 28) | −2.082 | 0.037 |
| IDAL | 13 (11, 27) | 8 (8, 13) | −3.134 | 0.002 |
| NPI | 4 (0, 12) | 0 (0, 3) | −2.858 | 0.004 |
| Hachinski | 11 (8, 14) | 7 (5, 12) | −2.635 | 0.008 |
Notes: Data are mean value ± SD, n (%) or median [interquartile range].
Abbreviations: CVD, cerebrovascular disease; MMSE, Mini-Mental Status Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; BNT, Boston Naming Test; CDT, Clock Drawing test; TMT, Trail Making Test; IDAL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory.