Figure 8.

Efficacy of Escherichia phage vECPW8 in reducing biofilm formation. Biofilms were allowed to develop for either 1 or 3 days before being treated with various concentrations of phage vECPW8 for 24 h. The biomass and the viable cell counts of (a,b) the 1-day-old biofilms and (c,d) the 3-day-old biofilms were measured by crystal violet staining and colony counting, respectively. Bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM) and asterisks indicate significant differences (* p ≤ 0.05).