Table 2.
General characteristics of the studies: summary of the main characteristics of the included studies.
| Author | Ibd | Study | Intervention | Dose and Time of Intervention | Group Subjects, n and Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Functional foods and nutrients | |||||
| [364] | UC mild or moderate phase | Blind randomized clinical trial | Omega-3 | 4.3 g (4800 mg—4 capsules of 1200 mg per day) 8 weeks |
70 elderly Placebo: n = 35; age = 69.7 Intervention: n = 35; age = 69.7 |
| [374] | UC mild or moderate phase | Randomized crossover clinical trial, placebo control | Omega-3 | 4.5 g/d (90 mg EPA + 60 mg DHA) 8 weeks |
18 adults Placebo: n = 9; age = not informed intervention: n = 9; age = 40 |
| [365] | CD in remission | Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | Antioxidant complex (AO) AO complex + omega 3 (n-3) | 12 weeks | 17 adults Placebo: n = 8; age = 38 AO: n = 8; age = 43 AO + omega 3: n = 9; age = 41 |
| [379] | CD mild phase or remission | Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | Vitamin E + vitamin C supplement | Vitamin E (800 IU) Vitamin C (1000 mg) 4 weeks |
57 adults Placebo: n = 29; age = 36.5 Intervention: n = 28; age = 38.3 |
| [380] | Active CD | Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | Glutamine-enriched diet | Polymeric diet enriched with glutamine (42% of the amino acid composition) 4 weeks |
15 children Placebo: n = 8; age = 10.5 Intervention: n = 7; age = 12.2 |
| [381] | UC | Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | Intervention 1: ground flaxseed (GF) Intervention 2: Linseed oil (FO) |
GF: 30,000 mg/d FO: 10,000 g/d 2 weeks |
75 adults Placebo: n = 25; age = 35.2 GF: n = 25; age = 29.9 FO: n = 25; age = 32.2 |
| [382] | UC mild or moderate phase | Randomized, multicenter, double-blind clinical study | Selenium | 200 mcg/d 10 weeks |
100 adults Placebo: n = 50; age = 37.9 Intervention: n = 50; age = 34.5 |
| [374] | UC mild or moderate phase | Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | Vitamin D | Intervention 1: 1000 IU/d (I1) Intervention 2: 2000 IU (I2) 12 weeks |
46 adults I1: n = 22; age = 39.7 I2: n = 24; age = 34 |
| [383] | CD | Randomized controlled trial | Fish oil (EPA and DHA) | 2.7 g/d 24 weeks |
61 adults Placebo: n = 31; age = 40.5 Intervention: n = 31; age = 45.4 |
| [384] | CD or UC | Prospective study | Riboflavin | 100 mg/d 3 weeks |
70 adults Group 1 (fecal Calprotectin < 200 µg/g): n = 40; age = 44.2 Group 2 (fecal calprotectin > 200 µg/g): n = 30; age = 38.8 |
| [376] | UC mild or moderate phase | Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | Zingiber | 2000 mg/d 12 weeks |
46 adults Placebo: n = 24; age = 39.2 Intervention: n = 22; age = 41.4 |
| [372] | Inactive to moderate CD or UC | Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | Zinc aspartate | 300 mg 4 weeks |
36 adults Placebo: n = 22; age = 38 Intervention: n = 14; age = 42 |
| Polyphenols and other natural active compounds from medicinal plants | |||||
| [370] | UC mild or moderate phase | Randomized, double-blind, controlled pilot study | Resveratrol | 500 mg/d 6 weeks |
49 adults Placebo: n = 24; age = 39 Intervention: n = 25; age = 37.7 |
| [369] | UC mild or moderate phase | Randomized, double-blind, controlled pilot study | Resveratrol | 500 mg/d 6 weeks |
56 adults Placebo: n = 28; age = 38.8 Intervention: n = 28; age = 37.4 |
| [366] | Mild or moderate CD or UC | Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | Curcumin (doses of 1000 mg/day) or Curcumin + piperine |
Curcumin: 1000 mg/day Piperine: 10 mg/day 12 weeks |
Placebo: n = 19; 50.9 Curcumin: n = 20; 46.9 Curcumin + piperine: n = 19; 44.7 years |
| [385] | UC mild or moderate phase |
Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | Saffron | 100 mg 8 weeks |
75 adults Placebo: n = 35; age = 40.97 Intervention: n = 40; age = 40.55 |
| [371] | UC mild or moderate phase | Randomized controlled trial | Saffron | 100 mg/d 8 weeks |
75 adults Placebo: n = 35; age = 41.0 Intervention: n = 40; age = 40.5 |
| [386] | CD mild or moderate stage | Pilot study | Mastic gum (Pistacia lentiscus) | 0.37 g 4 weeks |
18 adults Placebo: n = 8; age = 31.5 Intervention: n = 10; age = 36.9 |
| [377] | CD or UC in remission | Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | Pistacia lentiscus | 2800 mg/d 12 weeks |
60 adults Placebo: n = 27; age = 45 Intervention: n = 33; age = 38.2 |
| [373] | CD in remission | Pilot study | Pycnogenol | 2 mg/d 12 weeks |
29 teenagers Control: n = 15; age = 13.9 Intervention: n = 14; age = 16.3 |
| [368] | Mild or moderate CD or UC | Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | Urtica dioica leaf extract | 400 mg 12 weeks |
59 adults Placebo: n = 29; age = 38.3 Intervention: n = 30; age = 36.6 |
| [375] | UC mild or moderate phase | Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | Nigella sativa | 2000 mg/d 6 weeks |
48 adults Placebo: n = 24; age = 39.2 Intervention: n = 24; age = 34.8 |
| [387] | CD or UC in remission | Randomized, single-blind, controlled study | Medicinal mushroom extract based on Agaricus blazei Murill | 30 mL (twice a day) 3 weeks |
50 adults Placebo: n = 25; age = not informed Intervention: n = 25: age = not informed |
| Others | |||||
| [367] | UC mild or moderate phase | Double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial | Spirulina | 1 g/day (two 500 mg capsules/day) 8 weeks. |
73 adults Placebo: n = 37; age = 39.5 Intervention: n = 36; age = 37.8 |
Legend: CD = Crohn’s disease; UC = ulcerative disease.