Table 1.
Summary of studies used to assess thermal stress on body areas of poultry included in this quantitative analysis.
| References | Thermal Stress | Age (Days of Age) | Species (°C) | Control Group (°C) | Groups Exposed to Heat/Cold Stress (°C) | Camera Model | Emissivity | FPA Size * | NEDT ** | Measurement Uncertainty | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ramamneh et al. 2016 [12] | Heat stress | 189–191 | Laying hen | 20.5–26.5 | 34.6 | FLIR-T62101 | 0.98 | 320 × 240 [18] | - | +/−2 °C [18] | 1 m |
| Kim et al. 2021 [3] | Heat stress | 378–420 | Laying hen | 22 | 32 | Cat S60 equipped with FLIR Lepton |
- | 80 × 60 | - | +/−3 °C | 0.8 m |
| Candido et al. 2020 [2] | Heat stress | 1–119 | Laying hen | 20 | 35 | ThermaCam b60 FLIR Systems |
0.95 | 2048 × 1536 | 0.07 mK [19] | +/−2 °C | 1.3 m |
| Kim et al. 2021 [7] | Heat/Cold stress | 175 | Laying hen | 22 | 30/10 | CX320; COX Co. | - | 640 × 480 [20] | 60 mK [20] | - | 1.5 m |
| Layou et al. 2016 [13] | Heat stress | 245–525 | Laying hen | 18–20 | 28–30 | FLIR B335 | Featherless-0.98 Feathered 0.896 |
320 × 240 [21] | 50 mK [21] | +/−0.05 °C | - |
| Andrade et al. 2017 [22] | Heat/Cold stress | 1–42 | Laying hen | 19–31 | 22–38/17–28 | ThermaCAM b60 FLIR Systems | 0.95 | 180 × 180 [19] | 0.07 mK [19] | +/−2 °C | 1.3 m |
| Giloh et al. 2012 [6] | Heat stress | 1–36 | Broiler chicken | 21.6–30.6 | 35.2–38.1 | PM545 FLIR System |
- | 320 × 240 | - | +/−0.1 °C | - |
| Nascimento et al. 2011 [9] | Heat/Cold stress | 7–35 | Broiler chicken | 25 | 32/18 | TESTO 880 | 0.95 | 160 × 120 [23] | <0.1 [23] | +/−0.5 °C [23] | - |
| Fantin et al. 2017 [14] | Cold stress | 7–14 | Broiler chicken | 30 | 24–27 | Fluke TI55FT20/54/7 | 0.95 | - | −50 mK [24] | +/−2 °C [24] | - |
| Mayes et al. 2015 [11] | Cold stress | 7–48 | Turkey | 19–29 | 15–25 | FLIR S60 | 1 | 320 × 240 | - | +/−2 °C | 0.91–1.22 m |
* FPA: focal plane array; ** NEDT: noise equivalent differential temperature.